本文關(guān)鍵詞： 二程語錄 副詞 語法化　出處：《云南師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：副詞是在句法結(jié)構(gòu)中，對謂詞性結(jié)構(gòu)起修飾作用而從不被其他成分修飾的詞。它表示動作或情態(tài)的時間、范圍、程度、頻率等意義。最早對副詞進行全面研究的是《馬氏文通》（稱為“狀字”）。《馬氏文通》之后，語法學(xué)界普遍認(rèn)為漢語里有“副詞”這樣一類詞，章士釗在《中等國文典》中明確提出“副詞”這一名稱。副詞是漢語中比較復(fù)雜而又研究得不夠充分的一個詞類，特別是副詞發(fā)展到了近代漢語時期，上承上古、中古漢語副詞，，下啟近代、現(xiàn)代漢語副詞。副詞的結(jié)構(gòu)類型由單音節(jié)副詞為主迅速轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐噪p音節(jié)副詞為主，還伴有少量多音節(jié)副詞。副詞的構(gòu)詞能力進一步增強。近代漢語時期有大量的語錄體材料，他們是我們研究中世紀(jì)語言概貌的最珍貴的“共時語料”。程顥、程頤生活的年代在北宋仁宗至徽宗之間，即公元1032年至1107年。在漢語史的分期上，按照呂叔湘先生的觀點，則屬于近代漢語時期。呂叔湘先生的分期主要著眼于語法、詞匯。鑒于二程語錄詞匯語法方面的特點，我們將二程語錄考慮在近代漢語這一范圍之內(nèi)。 《二程語錄》的口語化程度較高，無論是語法還是詞匯都出現(xiàn)了很多新的成分，這些新的成分便是二程時期語言的特色。根據(jù)二程語錄中的材料，從中了解宋代語言面貌，不但直接，而且可信，這是其他很多宋代的文獻所不能替代的。筆記小說等文獻中有不少口語材料，但相對比較零散，并且不如二程語錄涉及面廣,出現(xiàn)頻率高。在一種相對統(tǒng)一的材料里面，更容易看出其必然性，得出可靠的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:Adverbs are words that, in syntactic structures, modify predicate structures and are never modified by other components. They indicate the time, scope and degree of action or modality. Frequency and other meanings. The earliest comprehensive study of adverbs was "Ma Shi Wen Tong" (called "characters"). After "Ma Shi Wen Tong", grammatical circles generally thought that there were such words as "adverbs" in Chinese. Zhang Shizhao clearly put forward the name "adverb" in the Chinese Dictionary. Adverbs are a complex and poorly studied part of speech in Chinese, especially the adverbs developed into the modern Chinese period and inherited the ancient times. The structure type of adverbs changed rapidly from monosyllabic adverbs to disyllabic adverbs. Accompanied by a small number of polysyllabic adverbs. The ability of word-formation of adverbs was further enhanced. There were a lot of quotations in modern Chinese, and they were the most precious "synchronic materials" for our study of the general picture of medieval languages. Cheng Yi lived in the period from 1032 to 1107 between Renzong and Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to the viewpoint of Mr. Lv Shuxiang, it belonged to the modern Chinese period. Lexicon. In view of the features of the lexical grammar of the second quotations, we consider them to be within the scope of modern Chinese. The colloquialization of "the second Quotations" is quite high. There are many new elements in both grammar and vocabulary. These new elements are the characteristics of the language of the second stage. According to the materials in the two quotations, we can understand the appearance of the language of the Song Dynasty. It is not only direct, but also credible, which cannot be replaced by many other documents of the Song Dynasty. There are quite a lot of oral materials in the literature such as notebooks and novels, but they are relatively scattered, and they are not as extensive as the quotations of the second Cheng. In a relatively uniform material, it is easier to see its inevitability and draw reliable conclusions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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