本文關(guān)鍵詞： “出來(lái)” 語(yǔ)義 語(yǔ)法化 認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué) 復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：趨向動(dòng)詞是一類(lèi)表示動(dòng)作趨向的特殊動(dòng)詞,其中,由“起”、“開(kāi)”、“出”、“回”、“過(guò)”等與趨向動(dòng)詞“來(lái)”、“去”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞由于形式靈活、意義多樣、用法復(fù)雜、使用廣泛等特點(diǎn)一直是漢語(yǔ)學(xué)界研究的熱點(diǎn),同時(shí)也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。目前已有的研究較散,主要關(guān)注的是幾個(gè)虛化程度較高的復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞或者是對(duì)趨向動(dòng)詞、趨向補(bǔ)語(yǔ)整體的研究,能關(guān)注到語(yǔ)義層面,并對(duì)一個(gè)詞的語(yǔ)義進(jìn)行整體細(xì)致研究的很少。本文選擇了使用頻率高、語(yǔ)義復(fù)雜的復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞“出來(lái)”為研究對(duì)象,從復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞“出來(lái)”的語(yǔ)法化過(guò)程、影響復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞“出來(lái)”的因素分析、從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度分析“出來(lái)”的語(yǔ)義特征三個(gè)方面著手,從共時(shí)和歷時(shí)兩個(gè)平面挖掘其語(yǔ)義的演變過(guò)程、影響因素、語(yǔ)義特征和相互間的關(guān)系。文章第一部分是緒論,主要概括了本文的研究意義、綜述和研究理論,著重對(duì)復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞“出來(lái)”的語(yǔ)義和研究現(xiàn)狀做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的介紹,這一部分是對(duì)前人研究的概括總結(jié),為后文的撰寫(xiě)提供了必要的支撐。第二部分是對(duì)復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞“出來(lái)”語(yǔ)法化過(guò)程的研究�！俺鰜�(lái)”從一開(kāi)始單一的實(shí)詞義,發(fā)展到現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中實(shí)詞義、趨向義、結(jié)果義和比喻義并存的狀態(tài),其間發(fā)生了一系列的語(yǔ)義泛化和詞義虛化。本章是從歷時(shí)平面來(lái)梳理的,通過(guò)對(duì)歷史上重要古籍的統(tǒng)計(jì)和語(yǔ)料的分析對(duì)“出來(lái)”一詞的語(yǔ)義變化進(jìn)行了一個(gè)歷史考察。文中把這一語(yǔ)義變化過(guò)程初步分為動(dòng)詞義占主導(dǎo)時(shí)期、結(jié)果義占主導(dǎo)時(shí)期和多種語(yǔ)義平衡發(fā)展時(shí)期三個(gè)階段,剖析“出來(lái)”在不同時(shí)期發(fā)生語(yǔ)法化的特點(diǎn)。第三部分結(jié)合語(yǔ)料詳細(xì)分析了影響復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞“出來(lái)”語(yǔ)義的眾多因素。在“出來(lái)”的使用過(guò)程中,許多因素都會(huì)影響到“出來(lái)”語(yǔ)義的選擇。“出來(lái)”可以作為句子中的不同成分：如果是謂語(yǔ),語(yǔ)義通常是從內(nèi)到外的實(shí)詞義；如果是補(bǔ)語(yǔ),語(yǔ)義就會(huì)虛化,減少動(dòng)作性,可以表示從內(nèi)到外的趨向或者從無(wú)到有的結(jié)果。賓語(yǔ)對(duì)“出來(lái)”語(yǔ)義的影響很大,是否帶賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和“出來(lái)”的位置關(guān)系、賓語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)都會(huì)使它的語(yǔ)義產(chǎn)生變化。最后,文章討論了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)對(duì)“出來(lái)”的影響,把動(dòng)詞分成自移位移動(dòng)詞、他移位移動(dòng)詞和無(wú)位移動(dòng)詞。第四部分主要運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)代較為熱門(mén)的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論,從“出來(lái)”各個(gè)語(yǔ)義間的認(rèn)知關(guān)系、意象圖式、概念隱喻、主觀性、概念化參照和凸顯五個(gè)部分,來(lái)解讀“出來(lái)”的語(yǔ)義特征。文中從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度展示了“出來(lái)”各項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義間的引申關(guān)系,運(yùn)用圖示法把每個(gè)語(yǔ)義的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程變得更加生動(dòng)、具體,更容易理解。第五部分詳細(xì)梳理了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和研究成果,是對(duì)全文的總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:The directional verb is a kind of special verb which indicates the tendency of action, among which, the compound directional verb composed of "start", "open", "out", "back", "over" and the directional verb "come" and "go" is complex because of its flexible form, various meanings and complicated usage. The characteristics of extensive use have been a hot topic and a difficult point in the field of Chinese studies. At present, the existing research has been scattered, mainly focusing on several complex directional verbs with a higher degree of nihilization or opposite directional verbs. The study of directional complement as a whole can focus on the semantic level and make a detailed study of the semantics of a word. In this paper, we choose the compound directional verb with high frequency and complex semantics as the object of study. From the grammaticalization process of compound directional verb "coming out", the factor analysis of influencing compound directional verb "coming out", the semantic characteristics of "come out" are analyzed from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The semantic evolution process, influencing factors, semantic characteristics and the relationship between them are excavated from the synchronic and diachronic planes. The first part of this paper is an introduction, which summarizes the significance of the research, summarizes and studies the theory. Focusing on the compound verb "come out" of the semantics and the status quo of a simple introduction, this part is a summary of previous studies, The second part is the study of the grammaticalization process of compound directional verb "come out". "come out" develops from a single real word meaning at the beginning to a real word meaning and orientation meaning in modern Chinese. The state of coexistence of meaning and figurative meaning, during which a series of semantic generalization and lexical vacuity have taken place. This chapter is combed from the diachronic plane. This paper makes a historical investigation on the semantic change of the word "come out" by analyzing the statistics and corpus of the important ancient books in history. In this paper, the process of semantic change is divided into the period in which the meaning of the word "come out" dominates. Results there are three stages: the dominant stage and the balanced development period. This paper analyzes the characteristics of grammaticalization of "come out" in different periods. The third part analyzes in detail the factors that affect the semantic meaning of compound directional verb "come out" in combination with the corpus. In the process of "coming out", Many factors affect the choice of "come out" semantics. "come out" can be used as a different component of a sentence: if it is a predicate, the meaning is usually a real word from the inside to the outside; if it is a complement, the meaning becomes empty and reduces the mobility. It can indicate the tendency from the inside to the outside or the result from scratch. The object has a great influence on the meaning of "come out", whether it has the object, the position relation between the object and the "come out", and the nature of the object will change its meaning. Finally, This paper discusses the influence of the nature of predicate verbs on "coming out", classifies the verbs into self-shifting moving words, his shift moving words and non-displacement verbs. Part 4th mainly uses the popular modern cognitive linguistics theory. There are five parts: cognitive relation, image schema, conceptual metaphor, subjectivity, conceptualization reference and prominence. To interpret the semantic characteristics of "come out". This paper shows the extended relationship between the semantics of "come out" from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, and uses the graphic method to make the movement process of each semantic more vivid and specific. Easier to understand. Part 5th combs the structure of the article and research results, is a summary of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H136

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