本文關(guān)鍵詞： 西寧市城東區(qū) 回族漢語 常用詞語 使用狀況 因素分析　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國回族主要使用具有鮮明民族和宗教特色的回族漢語�；刈鍧h語是漢語的特殊變體,與漢族、其他少數(shù)民族使用的漢語有差異,詞匯方面差異尤為明顯。回族漢語的特色詞匯大致包括來自阿拉伯語、波斯語的詞語,由漢語詞素加工而成的新詞語,其他少數(shù)民族語借詞等。在特色詞匯中,常用詞語是已經(jīng)進(jìn)入回族漢語常用詞匯的詞語,更具研究價(jià)值。青海省西寧市城東區(qū)是城市回族聚居區(qū),回族人口密度大,宗教氛圍濃厚,是回族漢語及語言使用研究的理想調(diào)查點(diǎn)。 本研究通過梳理文獻(xiàn),對回族漢語常用詞語進(jìn)行分類,歸納其主要特點(diǎn),并對西寧市城東區(qū)回族漢語常用詞語的使用做了社會語言學(xué)調(diào)查,以進(jìn)一步了解調(diào)查地回族漢語常用詞語及其使用特點(diǎn)。 研究結(jié)果顯示,回族漢語常用詞語具有四個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)：阿拉伯語、波斯語語源的詞語數(shù)量多；宗教詞語占相當(dāng)比例,且出現(xiàn)世俗化趨勢；受同地域其他少數(shù)民族語言影響；部分常用詞語具有超地域性�；刈鍧h語與漢族、其他少數(shù)民族使用的漢語在詞匯方面的差異,是在語言轉(zhuǎn)用時(shí)期回族先民母語與漢語的密切接觸中產(chǎn)生的。伊斯蘭宗教文化在我國的發(fā)展,為回族漢語長期保持這些詞匯差異提供了可能。 語言使用方面,受被試語言態(tài)度積極和表達(dá)宗教信仰、民族認(rèn)同的需要等王觀因素影響,西寧市城東區(qū)回族漢語常用詞語知曉率、使用率和常用率均較高,三者呈現(xiàn)依次遞減趨勢。詞項(xiàng)常用率兩極分化現(xiàn)象明顯。交際場合和交際對象對當(dāng)?shù)鼗刈鍧h語常用詞語的使用有一定影響。 被試社會特征與其回族漢語常用詞語的使用存在一定相關(guān)性。居住地距清真寺較近的被試,回族漢語常用詞語的使用率和常用率比居住地較遠(yuǎn)的被試更高。被試年齡越大,調(diào)查詞項(xiàng)使用率和常用率越高。男性回族漢語常用詞語的使用率和常用率均更高。被試文化程度越高,使用回族漢語常用詞語越少。工人和商業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)從業(yè)人員使用回族漢語常用詞語最多,學(xué)生使用最少。參加宗教活動(dòng)的被試詞項(xiàng)知曉率、使用率和常用率高于不參加宗教活動(dòng)的被試。受各民族間交流日益頻繁和普通話普及、教育水平提高等因素影響,西寧市城東區(qū)回族漢語常用詞語的使用開始呈現(xiàn)衰退跡象。
[Abstract]:Hui nationality in China mainly uses Hui nationality Chinese with distinct ethnic and religious characteristics. Hui Chinese is a special variant of Chinese, which is different from that used by Han nationality and other minority nationalities. The difference in vocabulary is especially obvious. The characteristic words of Hui nationality Chinese include words from Arabic, Persian, new words processed by Chinese morpheme, loan words from other minority languages and so on. The commonly used words are the words that have already entered the common vocabulary of Hui nationality Chinese, which has more research value. The eastern part of Xining City in Qinghai Province is a concentrated area of Hui nationality, with a large population density and a strong religious atmosphere. Is the Hui nationality Chinese and the language use research ideal investigation point. Through combing the literature, this study classifies the commonly used Chinese words of Hui nationality, induces its main characteristics, and makes a sociolinguistic survey on the use of commonly used words and expressions of Hui nationality in the eastern part of Xining City. In order to further understand the investigation of Hui Chinese commonly used words and their use characteristics. The results show that there are four main characteristics of the words commonly used in the Hui nationality: Arabic and Persian have a large number of words; Religious words account for a considerable proportion, and there is a trend of secularization. Affected by other minority languages in the same region; Some of the commonly used words are of a regional nature. The differences in vocabulary between the Hui and the Han and other ethnic minorities. The development of Islamic religious culture in China provides the possibility for the Hui nationality to maintain these lexical differences for a long time. In terms of language use, influenced by Wang Guan's factors, such as positive language attitude and religious belief, the need of national identity, the awareness rate, usage rate and common usage rate of common Chinese words and expressions of Hui nationality in the eastern part of Xining City were higher. The phenomenon of polarity of the usage rate of words is obvious. The situation and object of communication have a certain influence on the use of the commonly used words and expressions of the local Hui nationality in Chinese. There is a certain correlation between the social characteristics of the subjects and the use of the commonly used words and expressions in the Hui nationality. The usage rate and the rate of common words used in Hui nationality are higher than those who live far away. The older the subjects are, the older the subjects are. The higher the usage rate and the common rate of the words used in the survey, the higher the usage rate and the rate of the common words used in the male Hui nationality. The higher the cultural level of the subjects, the less the common words used in the Hui nationality. Workers and business. The service industry practitioners used the most commonly used words in the Hui nationality, and the students used the least. The rate of utilization and common use is higher than that of the subjects who do not take part in religious activities. It is influenced by the increasingly frequent communication among ethnic groups, the popularization of Putonghua and the improvement of educational level. The use of commonly used Chinese words and expressions of Hui nationality in the eastern part of Xining City shows signs of decline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H172.2

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本文編號：1493112