發(fā)布時間：2018-01-30 02:27

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 文言 名詞 狀語 歷史考察 檢驗(yàn)　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文運(yùn)用分類分段統(tǒng)計法、比較分析法、定性與定量分析法對文言中名詞作狀語的歷時表現(xiàn)分上古、中古和近古三個階段進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的考察,并對文言中名詞作狀語的功能歸屬進(jìn)行重新檢驗(yàn)與評估。全文包括四個部分： 第一部分,引言。綜述文言中名詞作狀語的研究現(xiàn)狀,指出已有相關(guān)研究涉及的內(nèi)容及存在的問題,闡述本文的研究目的和研究思路,說明本文所運(yùn)用的研究方法,明確本文所用語料是上古、中古和近古文言作品中七部具有代表性的文言典籍,具體為《春秋左傳》、《史記》、《論衡》、《南齊書》、《北齊書》、《新五代史》、《聊齋志異》。 第二部分,調(diào)查名詞作狀語的歷時表現(xiàn)。本文調(diào)查所用詞位一共36個,它們是從重新構(gòu)建的名詞系統(tǒng)中按照名詞的語法分類、功能分類和作狀語次數(shù)三個維度以及設(shè)定的比例加以選擇的。該名詞系統(tǒng)包括時間名詞、方位名詞、處所名詞、有生名詞、無生名詞和抽象名詞六大類。 第三部分,文言中名詞作狀語的歷時考察。本文以名詞諸次類作狀語頻率高低為序,依次分析時間名詞、方位名詞、處所名詞、有生名詞、無生名詞和抽象名詞；再以具體詞位作狀語頻率高低為序,逐詞分析36個具體詞位在上古、中古和近古文言語料中的句法功能狀況。本文在歷時考察過程中以表格的形式統(tǒng)計具體詞位句法功能的歷時變化情況。 第四部分,結(jié)論。對本文的主要內(nèi)容及觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。經(jīng)具體調(diào)查分析,得出以下結(jié)論： 第一,在文言中,名詞作狀語是本用是基本可靠的說法。名詞作狀語的總體表現(xiàn)是：名詞在上古、中古和近古文言中作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率分別為12.9%、16.6%和12.2%,可見名詞作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率沒有太大變化,名詞能長期、穩(wěn)定地用作狀語；名詞在上古、中古和近古文言中作主語的出現(xiàn)頻率分別為21.7%、20.2%和21.4%,作賓語的出現(xiàn)頻率分別為52.0%、47.8%和49.4%,可見,文言中名詞作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率低于作主語和賓語的出現(xiàn)頻率,名詞作狀語的能力弱于作主語和賓語的能力。 第二,文言中名詞諸次類作狀語具有不平衡性,具體來說：時間名詞作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率為50.2%,方位名詞作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率為43.0%,兩者作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其作主語和賓語的出現(xiàn)頻率；處所名詞作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率為11.0%,有生名詞作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率為13.8%,兩者作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率均低于其作主語和賓語的出現(xiàn)頻率；無生名詞作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率為5.3%,抽象名詞作狀語的出現(xiàn)頻率為1.9%,兩者均低于其作主語和賓語的出現(xiàn)頻率。 第三,文言中名狀結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化的總傾向是：名詞狀語的概念意義與中心語聯(lián)系越緊密,越與中心語的內(nèi)在性質(zhì)有關(guān),在句法結(jié)構(gòu)的線性順序上就越靠近中心語,也越易與中心語發(fā)生詞匯化。 第四,在文言中名詞作狀語的能力與名詞功能的穩(wěn)定性與獨(dú)立性有關(guān)。獨(dú)立性差的名詞很少或不能用作狀語,功能不穩(wěn)定的名詞很少或不能用作狀語。 本文將名詞作狀語這一語法現(xiàn)象放置在整個文言中進(jìn)行歷時分析,這在過去的專書和專題研究中從未有人做過。本文的研究價值正是體現(xiàn)在通過詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查確認(rèn)了文言中名詞作狀語為本用是基本可靠的說法,并將文言中名詞作狀語的總體表現(xiàn)、諸次類的差異性表現(xiàn)以及名詞句法功能的分布具體呈現(xiàn)出來,進(jìn)一步細(xì)化了現(xiàn)有研究成果。
[Abstract]:This paper uses piecewise classification statistics, comparative analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis method of classical Chinese adverbial nouns in the diachronic features of ancient times, systematically study the medieval and ancient three stages, and the classical Chinese noun as adverbial function belonging to the inspection and evaluation. This paper consists of four parts:
The first part, introduction. Research status review for classical Chinese adverbial nouns, pointed out the existing research contents and existing problems, analyzes the research purpose and research ideas, research methods used in this paper, the data is clear in the ancient, ancient and ancient classical works in seven representative the classical Chinese classics, specifically for the spring and Autumn Period < >, < < Lunheng > > records, < < >, book of Nan Qi, book >, < < > the new history of the Five Dynasties, Strange Tales from Liaozhai.
The second part, the diachronic survey NOUN adverbials. This investigation used a total of 36 words, they are from the noun system re constructed in accordance with the grammatical classification of nouns, three dimensions of functional classification and adverbial number and the setting of the ratio to be selected. The system includes time noun noun, noun. Place nouns, animate and inanimate and abstract nouns in six categories.
The third part, the diachronic study in classical Chinese noun adverbials. The noun adverbial class from time frequency order, followed by the analysis of time noun, noun noun, place, animate, inanimate and abstract nouns; then specific word adverbials of frequency for sequence analysis of 36 specific words in the word, syntactic function in Medieval and ancient Chinese corpus. The situation based on the diachronic study of diachronic change process in the form of statistical tables for specific word syntactic function.
The fourth part, conclusion. Summarize the main contents and views of this article. Through specific investigation and analysis, the following conclusions are drawn.
First, in classical Chinese, is the use of noun adverbial is basically reliable argument. Nouns as adverbial is the overall performance of nouns in ancient times, the adverbial frequencies were 12.9% for Medieval and ancient classical Chinese, 16.6% and 12.2%, visible noun adverbials frequency did not change much, long term stable, adverbial nouns; in ancient times, the subject frequencies were 21.7% for Medieval and ancient classical Chinese, 20.2% and 21.4%, as the object of the frequency were 52%, 47.8% and 49.4%, visible, appear in classical Chinese nouns as adverbials of frequency rate is lower than the frequency of occurrence as subject and object, the ability of a noun adverbial is weak to the subject and object.
Second, in some kind of classical Chinese noun adverbial is not balanced, specifically: time noun adverbial appears 50.2% noun adverbials, range frequency was 43%, both adverbials frequency is much higher than the frequency of occurrence as subject and object; locative noun adverbials frequency was 11%, a noun adverbials frequency was 13.8%, both adverbials frequency was lower than the frequency of occurrence as subject and object; no noun adverbial appears 5.3% abstract nouns as adverbials, the frequency of 1.9%, both lower than the frequency of occurrence as subject and object.
Third, the total tendency was the classical Chinese vocabulary structure is: the concept of noun adverbial meaning and language more closely linked, and more related to language, in a linear order of syntactic structure is more close to the center of language, syntax is also more easily with center language.
Fourth, the ability of noun as adverbial in classical Chinese is related to the stability and independence of nouns. Independent nouns are seldom or cannot be used as adverbial modifier.
The noun adverbials of this grammatical phenomenon in classical Chinese are placed throughout the diachronic analysis, which in the past the books and thematic studies have never been done. The value of this research is reflected in the survey data with the confirmation of classical Chinese in the use of noun adverbial is basically reliable argument, and in the overall performance of the classical Chinese noun as adverbial, the time difference of distribution and syntactic functions of the noun specific show, further refinement of the existing research results.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H141

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本文編號：1475037