本文關(guān)鍵詞： 焦點重音 韻律編碼 方言　出處：《南京師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近二十年來,語言韻律結(jié)構(gòu)研究是語音學、語言學和心理學的交叉學科課題,也是實驗語音學研究的前沿課題。本文從有無輕重區(qū)分對焦點實現(xiàn)方式的影響角度入手,研究四個漢語方言焦點重音韻律編碼方式。首先研究了官話(南京方言和徐州方言)和吳語(蘇州方言和常州方言)單音節(jié)焦點重音的韻律編碼方式。運用問答匹配范式,要求被試兩人一組自然對話兩種不同焦點方式(窄焦點和寬焦點)的句子。通過系統(tǒng)的聲學分析和統(tǒng)計測量,得出的結(jié)果表明：吳語區(qū),在常州方言里,焦點重音的韻律編碼方式表現(xiàn)為焦點音節(jié)本身音高顯著降低、時長顯著延長,焦點后出現(xiàn)音高驟降(post-focus FO compression, PFC)、時長顯著延長；在蘇州方言里,焦點重音的韻律編碼方式表現(xiàn)為焦點音節(jié)本身音高顯著升高、時長延長,焦點后音節(jié)音高顯著降低(PFC)。官話區(qū)：在南京方言里,焦點音節(jié)音高無顯著變化、調(diào)域顯著擴大、時長顯著延長,焦點后音節(jié)音高顯著降低(PFC)、時長顯著延長；在徐州方言里,焦點音節(jié)音高和調(diào)域無顯著變化、時長顯著延長,焦點后音節(jié)音高顯著降低(PFC)、時長顯著延長。在四個方言里單音節(jié)焦點都出現(xiàn)了焦點后音高驟降(PFC)現(xiàn)象,為了驗證單音節(jié)焦點重音的韻律編碼方式,本文還研究了四種方言雙音節(jié)焦點重音的韻律編碼方式,分為寬焦點、句首焦點和句中焦點三種條件,通過使用和單音節(jié)類似的統(tǒng)計分析方法得出結(jié)果：在句首焦點條件下,常州方言焦點音節(jié)調(diào)域顯著擴大、時長延長,焦點后音節(jié)音高顯著降低(PFC)；蘇州方言焦點音節(jié)調(diào)域顯著擴大、時長延長,焦點后音節(jié)音高顯著降低(PFC)；南京方言焦點音節(jié)調(diào)域顯著擴大、時長延長,焦點后音節(jié)音高顯著降低(PFC)；徐州方言焦點音節(jié)調(diào)域顯著擴大、時長延長,焦點后音節(jié)音高顯著降低(PFC)。在句中焦點條件下,四個方言點的韻律編碼方式與句首焦點基本一致,也都出現(xiàn)了焦點后音高騾降現(xiàn)象。最終得出結(jié)論：有無輕重音區(qū)分對方言焦點重音韻律編碼方式的影響并不顯著,四個方言點在不同焦點條件下都有顯著的焦點后音高驟降(PFC)現(xiàn)象。此外,和北京話屬于同一漢藏語系的吳語和官話都有“焦點后音高驟降”,因此,本文的結(jié)論符合Xu等提出的“焦點后音高驟降”同一來源的說法。
[Abstract]:In the past twenty years, the study of language prosodic structure has been an interdisciplinary subject in phonetics, linguistics and psychology. It is also an advanced topic in the field of experimental phonetics. This paper starts with the influence of whether or not there is a light or light distinction on the mode of realization of the focus. This paper studies four Chinese dialect focus accent prosody coding methods. First, it studies the Mandarin dialect (Nanjing dialect and Xuzhou dialect) and Wu dialect (Suzhou dialect and Changzhou dialect). Prosodic coding method of monosyllabic focus stress. Question and answer matching paradigm is used. The subjects were asked to speak naturally in groups of two different focal points (narrow focus and wide focus). The results of acoustic analysis and statistical measurement showed that: Wu dialect, in Changzhou dialect. The prosody coding of focus stress shows that the pitch of the focus syllable itself is significantly decreased, the duration of the focus is significantly prolonged, and a sharp drop in the pitch of the focus is followed by post-focus FO compression. The duration of PFC was significantly prolonged. In Suzhou dialect, the prosodic coding of focus stress shows that the pitch of focus syllable itself is significantly increased, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of post-focal syllable is significantly reduced. Official dialect: in Nanjing dialect. There was no significant change in the pitch of the focus syllable. The pitch of the focus syllable was significantly increased and the duration was significantly prolonged. The pitch of the post-focus syllable was significantly decreased and the duration was significantly prolonged. In Xuzhou dialect, the focus syllable pitch and tone domain have no significant change, the duration is significantly prolonged, and the post-focus syllable pitch is significantly reduced. In order to verify the prosodic coding method of monosyllabic focus stress, the phenomenon of post-focal pitch plummeting has appeared in all the four dialects in order to verify the prosodic coding of monosyllabic focal stress. This paper also studies the prosodic coding methods of dicyllabic focus stress in four dialects, which can be divided into three conditions: wide focus, first focus and focus in sentence. By using the statistical analysis method similar to monosyllabic, the results are as follows: under the condition of the first focus of sentence, the range of focus syllable in Changzhou dialect is enlarged, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of post-focus syllable is reduced significantly. The focus syllable range of Suzhou dialect is enlarged, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of post-focal syllable is reduced significantly. In Nanjing dialect, the focus syllable range is enlarged, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of post-focal syllable is reduced significantly. In Xuzhou dialect, the focus syllable range is significantly expanded, the duration is prolonged, and the pitch of the post-focus syllable is significantly reduced. Under the condition of the focus in the sentence, the prosodic coding mode of the four dialect points is basically the same as the first focus of the sentence. Finally, it is concluded that there is no significant effect on the accent coding mode of dialect focus accent with or without the distinction of light and heavy tones. In addition, Wu dialect and Mandarin dialect, which belong to the same Chinese and Tibetan languages, all have the phenomenon of "sharp drop in the pitch after focus" under different focal points. The conclusion of this paper is in line with Xu et al.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：H17

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本文編號：1471103