發(fā)布時間：2018-06-27 07:33

  本文選題：中國古版畫 + 雕版印刷術　； 參考：《華中師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國是木刻版畫的發(fā)源地,木刻版畫隨著雕版印刷術的發(fā)明而產(chǎn)生,在這之前,中國已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了諸多具有版畫意味的雕刻工藝和拓印技法,為版畫藝術的演進墊定了基礎。史前時期的巖畫,商代的甲骨文,西周至春秋戰(zhàn)國時期的青銅銘文與圖像,劃時代的漢畫像石磚藝術,隋唐的石碑藝術,印章工藝與拓印技術的逐步完善,紙,墨等各種工具的齊全,加之科技的進步,雕版印刷術的發(fā)明,為版畫藝術的的誕生創(chuàng)造了豐富的物質(zhì)技術條件。中國早期的木版畫最早發(fā)現(xiàn)于唐代,它作為佛教在中國的傳播方式之一,唐、五代時期是木版畫發(fā)展的初期階段,這個時期的木版畫作品就已經(jīng)達到了一定的高度,具有寶貴的藝術價值,值得我們?nèi)パ芯?在此期間,版畫藝術作為佛教藝術的一種也受到當時文化背景和藝術潮流的影響,已經(jīng)脫離了早期佛教藝術中原有的西域風格以及魏晉時期粗獷奔放的少數(shù)民族特色,在逐漸融入漢文化精髓的進程中,形成了具有本民族特色的,并且擁有盛世風度的中國特有的佛教藝術,成為民族藝術自身的血脈,深刻地影響著后世以及世界各國的藝術領域。隨著幾百年后印刷術的西傳,木版畫在歐洲也開始出現(xiàn),歐洲早期木版畫的形式與制作方法基本受中國古典木版畫的影響,與唐、五代時期的佛經(jīng)版畫一樣,是作為宗教傳播的方式出現(xiàn),題材大多表現(xiàn)圣經(jīng)故事與圣像。由于設備的簡陋與制作技術的相對落后,歐洲初期木版畫遠不如唐、五代佛經(jīng)版畫的技法精湛,工藝成熟,直到1450年,古登堡發(fā)明了金屬活字印刷,同時發(fā)明了一套完整的印刷技術流程,改變了西方初期木版畫簡陋,稚拙的印刷方式,使西方版畫在短短五十年間就脫離了中國木版畫的制作流程,逐漸被銅版畫所替代,進入了另一個新階段,其藝術風格追求豐富的明暗層次以及真實飽滿的體積塑造感,這種精致的、富有表現(xiàn)力的藝術形式吸引了眾多藝術家的關注,逐漸形成了一門獨立的藝術體系；而中國木版畫在以后很長一段時間里一直延續(xù)著唐代木版畫的印刷方式,藝術手法一直保持以線描寫意為主,注重追求意境與神韻,形成了具有東方審美特色的藝術風格。
[Abstract]:China is the birthplace of woodcut printmaking, and woodcut printing came into being with the invention of engraving printing. Before this, there were many engraving techniques and techniques with engraving meaning in China, which laid the foundation for the evolution of printmaking art. Rock paintings in the prehistoric period, oracle bone inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty, bronze inscriptions and images in the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn period and the warring States period, epoch-making art of the Han Dynasty stone portraits, stone tablet art of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the gradual improvement of the seal technology and the extension printing technology, paper, The complete range of tools such as ink and the progress of science and technology and the invention of engraving printing have created rich material and technical conditions for the birth of printmaking art. The early woodblock prints in China were first discovered in the Tang Dynasty. As one of the ways of Buddhism spreading in China, the Tang and the five dynasties period was the initial stage of the development of woodblock prints, and the woodcut works of this period have reached a certain height. It has valuable artistic value and is worth our study. During this period, printmaking art, as a kind of Buddhist art, was also influenced by the cultural background and the artistic trend at that time. It has been divorced from the original style of the Western region in the early Buddhist art and the wild and unrestrained ethnic characteristics of the Wei and Jin dynasties. In the process of gradually merging into the essence of the Han culture, it has formed its own national characteristics. And the unique Buddhist art of China, which has a flourishing style, has become the blood of the national art itself and has a profound influence on the art fields of later generations and other countries all over the world. With the westward spread of printing a few hundred years later, woodblock prints began to appear in Europe. The form and production methods of early European woodblock prints were basically influenced by Chinese classical woodblock prints, similar to the Buddhist scriptures of the Tang and five dynasties. As a form of religious communication, the themes of most of the Biblical stories and statues. Due to the rudimentary equipment and the relatively backward production technology, the woodcut in the early European period was far inferior to the Tang Dynasty, and the techniques of the five dynasties Buddhist scriptures were exquisite and the workmanship was mature. Until 1450, Gutenberg invented the metal movable type printing. At the same time, a set of complete printing technology flow was invented, which changed the primitive and childish printing methods of woodblock prints in the early stage of the West, which made Western prints break away from the production process of Chinese woodblock prints in a short span of 50 years, and were gradually replaced by copperwood prints. Entering another new stage, its artistic style pursues rich levels of light and shade and a sense of real and full volume. This exquisite and expressive art form has attracted the attention of many artists. Gradually formed an independent art system; and the Chinese woodcut in the future for a long period of time has continued the Tang Dynasty woodblock printing, art techniques have always maintained a line painting freehand, pay attention to the pursuit of artistic conception and charm, The art style with oriental aesthetic characteristics has been formed.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：J217

【共引文獻】

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