本文選題：十九世紀 + 英國繪畫��； 參考：《湖南科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：風景畫在歐洲繪畫史的地位可以說是非常重要的,而說到風景畫,可以追溯到中世紀時期,這一時期,許多畫家為了宗教題材壁畫的需要,繪制了許多記錄某些地方的風景草圖,但此時風景畫并不能并算是一個單獨的畫種。隨著繪畫的發(fā)展,風景畫也逐漸從眾多的畫種之中脫穎而出,成為一個獨立的且在繪畫之中具有重要地位的畫種�，F(xiàn)在我們談到風景畫必然想到法國,因為風景畫中很多著名的畫派都誕生于法國,比如印象派、巴比松派、現(xiàn)實主義畫派。但是英國的風景畫很少被人所提及,然而英國的風景畫在歐洲繪畫史上所具有的地位并不比法國差,而且法國眾多的著名風景畫派其源頭也可以追溯到英國的風景畫。縱觀歐洲各國繪畫的發(fā)展史,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)英國繪畫的發(fā)展有著鮮明的特點,因為其特殊的地理位置,使得十四世紀的文藝復興運動對英國影響甚微,加上隨之到來的宗教改革對英國原本繪畫的破壞,使得歐洲其它各國的繪畫在迅速發(fā)展的時候英國繪畫的發(fā)展卻出現(xiàn)了斷層。而隨著小漢斯·荷爾拜因與凡·代克等外國畫家的到來,肖像畫這一畫種也隨之進入英國,英國的畫壇也開始被肖像畫這一個單獨的畫種所壟斷,在長達四百多年的時間里,英國只有肖像畫這一個畫種,這完全就是英國繪畫的大蕭條時期。但是他們的到來也為英國的繪畫帶來了一絲生機,為英國繪畫的再起步作出了貢獻。而再起步之后,英國繪畫的發(fā)展速度遠遠超過了歐洲其它各國。英國特殊的地理位置給予了英國人民強烈的自豪感,使他們不再愿意讓自己國畫的畫壇被外國畫家所統(tǒng)治。再加上英國資產(chǎn)階級革命的成功以及工業(yè)革命的開始,政治與經(jīng)濟開始飛速發(fā)展,也讓英國人民有更多的精力與時間投入到對繪畫的欣賞之中,而“大旅行”的教育方式也使得英國人民沉浸于大自然的美麗風光之中,英國民族風景畫派也應運而生。再加上英國本土畫家們的努力,如威廉·荷加斯的諷刺風俗畫為英國繪畫的推廣做出了不小的貢獻,雷諾茲成立的英國皇家美術學院為英國的畫壇培養(yǎng)了大量的人才,而庚斯博羅是他奠定了英國民族風景畫的基礎。也正是因為他們,英國民族風景畫派才得以誕生,才會出現(xiàn)兩位站在了歐洲風景畫巔峰的英國風景畫大師——透納與康斯特布爾。而其后法國著名的印象派以及巴比松派正是受到這兩位風景畫大師的影響才能夠得以誕生。
[Abstract]:The status of landscape painting in the history of European painting can be said to be very important. But when it comes to landscape painting, it can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when many painters needed frescoes on religious subjects. A lot of sketches have been made to record some places, but the landscape is not and is not a separate painting. With the development of painting, landscape painting has gradually emerged from many kinds of paintings and become an independent painting with an important position in painting. Now when we talk about landscape painting, we must think of France, because many of the famous painting schools in landscape painting are born in France, such as Impressionism, Babbitson, realism. However, English landscape painting is rarely mentioned, but its status in the history of European painting is not inferior to that of France, and the origin of many famous French landscape painting schools can be traced back to the English landscape painting. Looking at the history of painting development in European countries, we can find that the development of English painting has distinct characteristics, because of its special geographical location, the Renaissance movement in the 14th century had little influence on Britain. With the coming religious reform, the destruction of the original British painting, so that other European painting in the rapid development of the development of British painting has appeared a fault. With the arrival of foreign painters such as Hans Holbein, Jr., and Van Dyke, the portrait painting species also entered the United Kingdom, and the British painting world began to be monopolized by the portrait painting, a single kind of painting, which lasted for more than 400 years. There is only one type of portrait in England, which was the Great Depression of English painting. But their arrival also brought a trace of vitality for British painting, and contributed to the start of British painting. And after starting again, the development speed of British painting far exceeded other European countries. Britain's special geographical location gives the British people a strong sense of pride, making them no longer willing to let their painting world be ruled by foreign painters. Coupled with the success of the British bourgeois revolution and the beginning of the industrial revolution, the rapid development of politics and economy also gave the British people more energy and time to devote themselves to the appreciation of painting. However, the education of "Great Travel" made the British people immerse themselves in the beautiful scenery of nature, and the British National Landscape School came into being. Coupled with the efforts of British painters, such as William Hogarth's caricature and folklore, which contributed significantly to the promotion of British painting, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, founded by Reynolds, trained a large number of people in the British painting world. Ginsboro was the foundation of his national landscape painting. It was because of them that the British National Landscape painting School was born, and there were two great masters of English landscape painting, Turner and Constable, who stood at the peak of European landscape painting. The famous Impressionists and Babylonians in France were influenced by these two masters of landscape painting.
【學位授予單位】：湖南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：J209.9

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本文編號：1979265