【摘要】：容器育苗作為一項先進(jìn)技術(shù),早已被當(dāng)今世界各國廣泛推廣應(yīng)用,而基質(zhì)是培育容器苗的關(guān)鍵之一,會直接影響到容器苗的生長發(fā)育,育苗基質(zhì)既要能滿足苗木生長的需求,在基質(zhì)的選擇上還要考慮就近及環(huán)保原則,將農(nóng)林廢棄物經(jīng)過處理后,不但可以作為育苗基質(zhì)還避免了資源的浪費和環(huán)境污染。本文以桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、山茶(Camellia japonica)、紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)、對節(jié)白蠟(Farxinus hupehensis)和銀杏(Ginkgo biloba)這五種觀賞實用價值高并且是園林綠化的優(yōu)良樹種為試驗材料,采用不同比例的田園土、環(huán)保肥料和珍珠巖為育苗基質(zhì),結(jié)合不同基質(zhì)配比的理化性質(zhì)分析,探討不同基質(zhì)配比對桂花、山茶、紫薇、對節(jié)白蠟和銀杏容器苗的影響,分析了容器苗的生長形態(tài)和生理特性,篩選出量輕、易于獲取又經(jīng)濟環(huán)保的基質(zhì)配比方案,為大面積容器育苗生產(chǎn)提供參考。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)測定并分析基質(zhì)容重、總孔隙度、毛管孔隙、通氣孔隙、持水孔隙度、pH值和EC值等發(fā)現(xiàn),田園土50%、肥料50%的C1號基質(zhì)其物理性質(zhì)差異顯著,pH值7.03、EC值1.53 ms·cm-1較適宜植株生長;基質(zhì)配比為田園土43%、肥料43%、珍珠巖14%的C3號基質(zhì)其物理性質(zhì)指標(biāo)差異顯著,pH值7.12、EC值1.15ms·cm-1較適宜植株生長;(2)測定并分析山茶二年生容器苗株高、地徑、高徑比、葉綠素總含量、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力等發(fā)現(xiàn),C1和C3號容器苗生長形態(tài)和生理特性指標(biāo)顯著高于C2號基質(zhì)容器苗和對照,較為適合的基質(zhì)配比優(yōu)先推薦田園土43%、肥料43%、珍珠巖14%的C3號基質(zhì),其次為田園土50%、肥料50%的C1號基質(zhì);(3)測定并分析桂花、紫薇和銀杏二年生容器苗株高、地徑、高徑比、葉綠素總含量、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力等發(fā)現(xiàn),C3號容器苗生長形態(tài)和生理特性指標(biāo)顯著高于C1、C2號基質(zhì)容器苗和對照,較為適合的基質(zhì)配比是田園土43%、肥料43%、珍珠巖14%的C3號基質(zhì);(4)測定并分析對節(jié)白蠟二年生容器苗株高、地徑、高徑比、葉綠素總含量、可溶性蛋白質(zhì)含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力等發(fā)現(xiàn),對照組生長形態(tài)和生理特性指標(biāo)最為顯著,因此建議對節(jié)白蠟使用田園土進(jìn)行地栽培育,或考慮減少珍珠巖比例、更改容器苗育苗規(guī)格進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步探討;(5)對容器苗育苗成本研究表明,與普通地栽苗相比,容器苗的前期需要基質(zhì)和容器的資金投入,但其生長狀況、苗木質(zhì)量和景觀效果遠(yuǎn)超地栽苗。
[Abstract]:As an advanced technology, container seedling cultivation has been widely used in many countries all over the world, and the substrate is one of the keys to the cultivation of container seedlings, which will directly affect the growth and development of container seedlings, and the seedling substrate should be able to meet the needs of seedling growth. In the selection of substrate, the principles of proximity and environmental protection should be considered. After the treatment of agricultural and forestry wastes, it can not only be used as substrate for seedling raising, but also avoid the waste of resources and environmental pollution. In this paper, five ornamental and practical trees of Osmanthus camellia (Camellia japonica), (Lagerstroemia indica), (Farxinus hupehensis) and Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), were used as experimental materials. Using different proportion of pastoral soil, environmental protection fertilizer and perlite as seedling substrate, combined with physical and chemical properties analysis of different substrate ratios, the effects of different substrate ratios on Osmanthus osmanthus, Camellia camellia, Lagerstrobus, node white wax and Ginkgo biloba container seedlings were discussed. The growth morphology and physiological characteristics of container seedling were analyzed, and the medium proportion scheme, which was light, easy to obtain and economical and environmental protection, was selected, which provided a reference for large area container seedling production. The main results are as follows: (1) the physical properties of C _ 1 matrix with 50% of pastoral soil and 50% of fertilizer were determined and analyzed, such as bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, aeration pore, water holding porosity, pH value and EC value. The pH value was 7.03 ms cm-1 and EC value 1.53 ms cm-1 was more suitable for plant growth. The physical properties of C _ 3 substrate with 14% perlite were significantly different, and the pH value 7.12C value 1.15ms cm-1 was more suitable for plant growth. (2) the plant height, basal diameter, height / diameter ratio, total chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and root activity were determined and analyzed. The growth morphology and physiological characteristics of C 1 and C 3 container seedlings were significantly higher than those of C 2 container plantlets and controls. The more suitable matrix ratios were recommended as pastoral soil 43, fertilizer 43, perlite 14% C 3, and pastoral soil 50, respectively. Fertilizer 50% of C1 substrate; (3) the plant height, basal diameter, ratio of height to diameter, total chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and root activity of container seedlings of Osmanthus fragrans, Lagerstroemia and Ginkgo biloba were determined and analyzed. The growth morphology and physiological characteristics of C _ 3 container seedling were significantly higher than that of C _ 1 and C _ 2 container seedling and control. The suitable ratio of C _ 3 container seedling and control was rustic soil 43, fertilizer 43, perlite 14% C _ 3 substrate. (4) determination and analysis of plant height, basal diameter, ratio of height to diameter, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and root activity of two-year-old container seedling of Pinellia japonicus. The growth morphology and physiological characteristics of the control group were the most significant, so it was suggested to use the garden soil for field cultivation, or to reduce the proportion of perlite, and to change the size of the container seedling for further discussion. (5) the research on the cost of container seedling breeding shows that the container seedling needs the capital input of substrate and container in the early stage, but its growth condition, seedling quality and landscape effect are much higher than those of ground seedling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S68

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