城市休閑空間綠視率及其景觀評價
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-26 09:47
【摘要】：隨著城鎮(zhèn)化進程的加快,城市休閑空間作為市民休閑游憩活動的依托和載體在日常生活中愈發(fā)重要。綠視率指標為空間綠量可視性的定量研究提供新的途徑,同時,眼動研究起步較早,但涉及景觀視覺質量評價的研究較少。本研究以綠視率為切入點,旨在了解人們對城市休閑空間的景觀感知特征,探索綠視率、景觀元素與景觀評價之間的關系,為相關設計與管理提供參考。本研究在上海市徐匯區(qū)選擇代表公園、濱水休閑區(qū)、社區(qū)休閑中心三種類型的徐家匯公園、徐匯濱江、康健綠苑為研究區(qū)域,采集20張具有不同等級的綠視率照片,分別統(tǒng)計每張照片場景中植物元素和非植物元素所占比例。通過對83名被試者的眼動和網(wǎng)絡照片問卷調查,采用單因素方差分析、雙變量相關、偏相關分析等方法,對被試者的景觀評價及其眼動數(shù)據(jù)、場景中景觀元素比例相關性進行了定量分析。結果表明:(一)城市休閑空間景觀評價與綠視率顯著相關,綠視率越高,景觀評價指標都有相應的較高值。說明城市休閑空間多栽種植物豐富綠化,可以提升視覺景觀品質,增加使用者對城市休閑空間的好感和景觀評價。植物元素方面,被試者對一般對喬木的關注高于其他類型植物,灌木和草本植物受關注度較低且兩類植物受關注度較接近,被試者一般對水生植物有較高的關注度。(二)景觀評價、景觀元素比例與眼動數(shù)據(jù)具有相關性。景觀評價指標與喬木、灌木、水生植物、水面比例呈正相關,與硬質景觀、視覺主導元素比例呈負相關。說明偏自然的景觀元素有助于休閑氛圍的營造,給人更多的美感與舒適度,偏人工的景觀元素過多會減少人們對綠意的感知,甚至破壞空間的休閑氛圍。同時,景觀評價與喬木的關注點持續(xù)時長、關注點個數(shù)呈正相關;與行人的關注點持續(xù)時長、訪問次數(shù)、關注點個數(shù)呈正相關;與視覺主導元素持續(xù)時長、訪問次數(shù)、關注點個數(shù)呈負相關,首次關注時間呈正相關。說明人們關注喬木、行人越多,視覺主導元素越少,可能給出較高的景觀評價。(三)分析熱點圖,可發(fā)現(xiàn)在綠視率較高的場景中,和植物景觀、硬質景觀相比,被試者更關注場景中的行人及視覺主導元素,即使行人或視覺主導元素在場景中顯示很小,被試者也很快能發(fā)現(xiàn)并注視較長時間;同時,道路盡頭、視覺中心線交匯點等也是關注較多的區(qū)域。(四)人口因素對景觀評價的影響方面,性別對美景度、空間舒適度、休閑功能滿意度影響顯著,男性對這3個指標的打分高出女性0.2-0.3分,說明男性對城市休閑空間的景觀評價略高于女性。本研究中,年齡和學歷與景觀評價無顯著相關性。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, urban leisure space, as the support and carrier of recreational activities, is becoming more and more important in daily life. The index of green visual rate provides a new way for the quantitative study of spatial green visibility. At the same time, the study of eye movement started earlier, but the research on the evaluation of visual quality of landscape was less. The purpose of this study is to understand the landscape perception characteristics of urban leisure space, explore the relationship between green vision rate, landscape elements and landscape evaluation, and provide reference for related design and management. Three types of Xujiahui Park, Xuhui River Park, healthy Green Garden and Xujiahui Park with different grades were collected in Xuhui District, Shanghai. The proportion of plant elements and non-plant elements in each photo scene was counted respectively. The landscape evaluation and eye movement data of 83 subjects were evaluated by means of single factor variance analysis, bivariate correlation and partial correlation analysis. The correlation of landscape elements in the scene was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the urban leisure space landscape evaluation was significantly related to the green visual rate, the higher the green view rate, the higher the landscape evaluation index. The results show that urban leisure space is rich in planting plants and greening, which can improve the quality of visual landscape and increase the users' good impression and landscape evaluation of urban leisure space. In terms of plant elements, the subjects generally pay more attention to trees than to other types of plants, shrub and herbaceous plants are less concerned and the two kinds of plants are close, the subjects generally have a higher attention to aquatic plants. (2) Landscape evaluation, the proportion of landscape elements is correlated with eye movement data. The landscape evaluation index was positively correlated with the proportion of trees, shrubs, aquatic plants and water surface, and negatively correlated with the proportion of hard landscape and visual dominant elements. It shows that natural landscape elements help to create leisure atmosphere, give people more aesthetic and comfortable, partial artificial landscape elements will reduce people's perception of green, and even destroy the leisure atmosphere of space. At the same time, landscape evaluation has a positive correlation with the duration of attention, the number of attention points, the duration of attention, the number of visits and the number of concerns of pedestrians. It is negatively correlated with the duration of visual dominant elements, the number of visits, and the number of attention points, and the first time of attention is positively correlated. It shows that people pay attention to trees, the more pedestrians, the less visual dominant elements, which may give a higher landscape evaluation. (3) analyzing the hot spot map, we can find that the subjects pay more attention to the pedestrian and visual dominant elements in the scene, even if the pedestrian or visual dominant element is very small in the scene, compared with the plant landscape and the hard landscape, in the scene with higher green vision rate, the subjects pay more attention to the pedestrian and visual dominant elements in the scene. The subjects were also able to detect and watch for longer periods of time. At the same time, the end of the road, the visual center of the intersection and other areas of concern. (4) in terms of the impact of population factors on landscape evaluation, gender had a significant impact on the degree of beauty, spatial comfort and satisfaction with leisure function. The scores of male on these three indexes were 0.2-0.3 points higher than those of women. It shows that the male landscape evaluation of urban leisure space is slightly higher than that of female. In this study, there was no significant correlation between age and educational background and landscape evaluation.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S731
本文編號：2295324
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, urban leisure space, as the support and carrier of recreational activities, is becoming more and more important in daily life. The index of green visual rate provides a new way for the quantitative study of spatial green visibility. At the same time, the study of eye movement started earlier, but the research on the evaluation of visual quality of landscape was less. The purpose of this study is to understand the landscape perception characteristics of urban leisure space, explore the relationship between green vision rate, landscape elements and landscape evaluation, and provide reference for related design and management. Three types of Xujiahui Park, Xuhui River Park, healthy Green Garden and Xujiahui Park with different grades were collected in Xuhui District, Shanghai. The proportion of plant elements and non-plant elements in each photo scene was counted respectively. The landscape evaluation and eye movement data of 83 subjects were evaluated by means of single factor variance analysis, bivariate correlation and partial correlation analysis. The correlation of landscape elements in the scene was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the urban leisure space landscape evaluation was significantly related to the green visual rate, the higher the green view rate, the higher the landscape evaluation index. The results show that urban leisure space is rich in planting plants and greening, which can improve the quality of visual landscape and increase the users' good impression and landscape evaluation of urban leisure space. In terms of plant elements, the subjects generally pay more attention to trees than to other types of plants, shrub and herbaceous plants are less concerned and the two kinds of plants are close, the subjects generally have a higher attention to aquatic plants. (2) Landscape evaluation, the proportion of landscape elements is correlated with eye movement data. The landscape evaluation index was positively correlated with the proportion of trees, shrubs, aquatic plants and water surface, and negatively correlated with the proportion of hard landscape and visual dominant elements. It shows that natural landscape elements help to create leisure atmosphere, give people more aesthetic and comfortable, partial artificial landscape elements will reduce people's perception of green, and even destroy the leisure atmosphere of space. At the same time, landscape evaluation has a positive correlation with the duration of attention, the number of attention points, the duration of attention, the number of visits and the number of concerns of pedestrians. It is negatively correlated with the duration of visual dominant elements, the number of visits, and the number of attention points, and the first time of attention is positively correlated. It shows that people pay attention to trees, the more pedestrians, the less visual dominant elements, which may give a higher landscape evaluation. (3) analyzing the hot spot map, we can find that the subjects pay more attention to the pedestrian and visual dominant elements in the scene, even if the pedestrian or visual dominant element is very small in the scene, compared with the plant landscape and the hard landscape, in the scene with higher green vision rate, the subjects pay more attention to the pedestrian and visual dominant elements in the scene. The subjects were also able to detect and watch for longer periods of time. At the same time, the end of the road, the visual center of the intersection and other areas of concern. (4) in terms of the impact of population factors on landscape evaluation, gender had a significant impact on the degree of beauty, spatial comfort and satisfaction with leisure function. The scores of male on these three indexes were 0.2-0.3 points higher than those of women. It shows that the male landscape evaluation of urban leisure space is slightly higher than that of female. In this study, there was no significant correlation between age and educational background and landscape evaluation.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S731
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