【摘要】：錢大聽為一代鴻儒,淹博的學識和精辟的論斷奠定了其崇高的學術地位。他不但以小學治經(jīng),以小學治史,而且在文字、音韻、訓詁方面都提出了自己獨到的見解。研究錢大昕的著述,總結其學術成就,分析其學術淵源和學術得失,對于研究清代學術,乃至于整個學術發(fā)展史,有著重要的意義。 兩百余年來,學界對錢大昕的研究取得了豐碩的成果。但對于錢氏小學的研究,顯得不夠系統(tǒng)和深入,故需進一步探討。錢氏關于小學的論述可分為文字、音韻、訓詁三個方面。通過對每類材料的分析,可知錢氏之小學研究在當時的獨樹一幟,盡管有其不足之處。從傳統(tǒng)小學來看,錢氏的研究有其特殊的貢獻。 錢大昕對小學的闡發(fā),縱橫上下。因此,研究錢氏小學,采用共時研究與歷時研究相結合的方法,是必要的,也是可行的,這樣才能對錢氏小學作一個較全面的描述和評價。有關錢氏的音韻學材料,繁復而又分散,故又必須進行整合、統(tǒng)計,采用語料庫分析的方法,從分析中揭示其事實,從而得出結論。 全文分為四個部分。第一章闡述錢大昕的生平及其著述,這是明其學術淵源,搜集材料的基礎。第二章研究錢大昕的文字學,主要對錢氏《說文》學和金石文字學展開討論。第三章和第四章研究錢大聽的音韻訓詁學,是文章的重點。因為錢氏訓詁學的特色是以雙聲為核心的轉(zhuǎn)音訓詁,故將音韻、訓詁合二為一,方便論述。 錢大昕對《說文》的研究,包括對《說文》舉一反三之例,《說文》連篆讀之例,《說文》讀若之例,《說文》收字等的論述,都是具有獨創(chuàng)性的。其論斷一經(jīng)提出,便引起了《說文》研究界的廣泛響應,產(chǎn)生了很好的學術效應,推動了清代《說文》學的發(fā)展。其金石之學,善于從文字音韻訓詁入手,正確釋讀金石文字。又繼承了宋代金石文字學的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng),通過金石整理實踐,總結出了金石括例,并將金石文字與傳世典籍進行互證。 錢大昕的音韻學,以古聲紐研究為主,并涉及古韻類及古聲調(diào)。古聲紐的結論主要有六條：古無輕唇；古無舌上；古人多舌音；古影喻曉匣不甚區(qū)別；古無牙音；古無心審之別。學界常對此結論尤其是前兩條贊譽過高,認為是錢氏獨創(chuàng)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),后三條才是錢氏的獨創(chuàng)。就現(xiàn)有材料來看,錢氏的有些表述還不夠清晰,但為后世的研究開辟了路徑。前三條并不是錢氏的獨創(chuàng),前賢戴侗、陳第、方以智和清代的顧炎武、柴紹炳、黃生、李光地、王霖蒼、徐用錫、江永等人已經(jīng)言及。無論是錢氏的研究方法還是支撐材料,都有借鑒的痕跡。音韻史上長期將功勞歸功于錢大聽是不太符合史實的,唯較之前人,錢氏的論說更為具體、全面。后人如李元、夏燮、鄒漢勛等人輯錄的材料也可進一步補充論證錢說的某些方面。在綜合錢氏論說的基礎上,文章將錢氏古聲紐歸納為十七紐。 錢大昕最突出的貢獻之一便是把古聲紐研究的成果應用到了韻讀和訓詁中,在前人研究的基礎上,提出了以雙聲為核心兼及韻類的轉(zhuǎn)音說。錢氏轉(zhuǎn)音說是對傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)音說的進一步發(fā)展和完善。從音理分析和文獻例證來看,其說在解決出韻問題時,的確有別于方音說和合韻說,基本符合古代語言事實。通過雙聲這條紐帶,疑難字詞得到了訓釋,艱澀難懂的前人訓詁也得以被梳理。錢氏是清代開一代雙聲訓詁風氣的學者之一,轉(zhuǎn)音說的提出,使雙聲訓詁有了一個初步可依的章法,后人在此基礎上加大了對雙聲訓詁的研究。但其轉(zhuǎn)音說也存在著重聲輕韻,術語應用不夠規(guī)范等問題。文章還結合錢氏古聲紐說,構擬出了錢氏雙聲轉(zhuǎn)音圖。
[Abstract]:Qian Da listened to the high degree of academic status of the generation of the generation of the great Confucianism, the inundation of the knowledge and the incisive assertion. He is not only in the primary school, but also in the history of the primary school, but also has put forward his unique opinions in the aspects of the characters, the phonology and the training. It is of great significance to study the writing of Qian Daxin, to sum up its academic achievements, to analyze its academic origin and academic and loss, and to study the academic history of the Qing Dynasty. Over the last two hundred years, the academic circle has made great progress in the research of Qian Daxin Fruit. But for the study of Qian's primary school, it is not systematic and in-depth, so it is necessary to further explore The discussion of Qian's on primary school can be divided into three parts: character, phonology and training. On the other hand, through the analysis of each type of material, it can be seen that Qian's primary school is unique in the time, although it is not enough From the traditional elementary school, Qian's study has its special tributaries. A. Qian Daxin's explanation of primary school, longitudinal Therefore, in the study of Qian's primary school, it is necessary and feasible to study Qian's primary school, which can be a more comprehensive description of Qian's primary school. and the method of corpus analysis is adopted, and the fact is revealed from the analysis, so that Conclusion. Full text In the first chapter, the author expounds the life and the writing of Qian Daxin, which is the academic origin, the collection and the collection. On the basis of material, the second chapter studies the text of Qian Daxin, mainly for Qian's study and the litmus text. The third chapter and the fourth chapter are the study of the phonological and phonological training of the great listening. The main point of the article is that the characteristics of Qian's training and learning are the two-sound and the core-based rotary-tone training, so the phonology and the training are integrated into one. It is convenient to discuss. Qian Dxin's research on the "Shuowen", including the case of "Shuowen" and "one anti-three", "Shuowen" and "reading", "Shuowen" and "reading", and the discussion of "Shuowen" and the closing word, etc. It's original. Once it is put forward, it causes a wide response to the study circle, which has produced a good academic effect and promoted the Qing Dynasty. The development of learning and learning. The study of the litmus of the stone is good at starting from the phonological and phonological training. It has also succeeded in the fine tradition of the stone and stone of the Song Dynasty, and through the practice of the litmus of the litmus, the stone and stone of the stone and the writing of the stone and stone were summarized. As a result, the study of the phonology of Qian Doxin is the main part of the study of the ancient Chinese and the study of the ancient Chinese. To deal with the ancient Chinese and the ancient tones. The old and new conclusions are mainly six: the ancient and the non-light lips; the ancient tongue; the ancient and the tongue; the ancient shadow is not very different from the one; the old one is not very different from the old one. No, no, no, no. High, it's money's original. The study found that, Three are the original of Qian's. As far as the existing materials are concerned, some of Qian's statements are not clear yet, but for the latter part, The research of the world opens up the path. The first three are not the original of Qian's, the former Xian Dai, Chen first, Fang Yizhi and the Qing Dynasty's Gu Yanwu, Chai Shaoqi, Huang Sheng, Li Guangdi, Wang Lin, Xu with the tin No matter how the money's research method or the support material, There are traces of reference. The long-term credit in the history of phonology can be attributed to the fact that the money is not too consistent with the historical facts, but the previous one, Qian's The theory is more concrete and comprehensive. The materials of the later generations such as Li Yuan, Xia Yi and Zou Han-xun can be further supplemented On some aspects of the theory of money, on the basis of the theory of comprehensive Qian's theory, the article will pay the money One of the most outstanding contributions of Qian Da-xin is to apply the results of the study of the ancient sound to the rhyming and training, and on the basis of the previous studies, a double-sound is put forward. For the core and the transliteration of the rhymes, the Qian's turn is to the tradition. The further development and improvement of the sound theory, from the analysis of the sound and the case of the literature, said that in the resolution of the problem of the rhyme, it is different from the phonology and the combination. It is basically in accordance with the facts of ancient language. Through the two-voice link, the difficult words have been exiled, difficult and difficult to understand. The former scholars of the Qing Dynasty were also able to be sorted out. Qian's is one of the scholars in the Qing Dynasty, one of the scholars of the two-voice training and culture, and the suggestion that the two-voice training system has a preliminary basis, and the later generations are on the basis of this. The study of the double-sound system is enlarged, but the sound of the sound of the two-sound training is also emphasized. The term application is not standard, and so on. The article also combines with Qian's ancient saying,
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H111

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