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英漢介詞研究的類型學(xué)視野

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-05-29 22:08
【摘要】:傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)言學(xué)對(duì)英漢介詞的研究還基本停留在兩種語(yǔ)言介詞的語(yǔ)法化特征、語(yǔ)義功能和句法功能異同比較。按照研究視角和方法進(jìn)行分類,這些研究可以劃分為語(yǔ)法維度的研究和比較語(yǔ)言學(xué)維度的研究。但還存在以下局限性:1)不重視英漢語(yǔ)言內(nèi)部的證據(jù)。2)不重視證據(jù)和語(yǔ)言事實(shí)的系統(tǒng)性。3)研究方法上,缺乏語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)的視野。 近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)外也有一些有關(guān)英漢介詞的類型、語(yǔ)序、句法功能特征的研究,,但還存在諸多不足:1)英漢語(yǔ)言都以前置介詞為優(yōu)勢(shì)項(xiàng),但兩種語(yǔ)言中前置介詞與其他主要參項(xiàng)組配之間具有怎樣的語(yǔ)序相關(guān)性?英漢前置介詞語(yǔ)序上與SVO語(yǔ)言的典型性語(yǔ)序特征是否和諧、一致?是否有變異?還未見(jiàn)有討論。2)英漢介詞的類型和語(yǔ)序與兩種語(yǔ)言的基本語(yǔ)序之間存在怎樣的相關(guān)性?涉及怎樣的理?yè)?jù)?討論的不夠。對(duì)英漢介詞的研究,還多停留于形式描寫(xiě),功能解釋層面,從認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)、語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)角度開(kāi)展的研究還很不夠。3)英漢介詞的語(yǔ)序受“聯(lián)系項(xiàng)原則”(Principle of Relator/PR)(Dik,1983)、“核心相鄰原則”(HeadProximity Principle/HPP)(Dik,1983)、“語(yǔ)序相似性原則”(Principle of Word OrderIconicity/PWOI)和“可別度領(lǐng)前原則(”Identifiability-Leading Principle/ILP)(Lambrecht,1994)的制約效果是否相同?這些語(yǔ)序原則之間具有怎樣的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系?英漢介詞的“優(yōu)-劣”勢(shì)語(yǔ)序是否相同?涉及怎樣的動(dòng)因?研究的還很不夠。4)英漢介詞的語(yǔ)序自由度與其“前-后”置傾向性之間具有怎樣的相關(guān)性?英語(yǔ)/漢語(yǔ)同類介詞的語(yǔ)序自由度具有怎樣的等級(jí)關(guān)系?有何異同?未見(jiàn)有討論。5)英漢前置介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)與從句作定語(yǔ)之間存在怎樣的語(yǔ)序相關(guān)性?具有怎樣的動(dòng)因?英漢前置介詞與連詞之間存在怎樣的語(yǔ)序相關(guān)性?具有怎樣的動(dòng)因和啟示等?討論的不夠。6)從文化、認(rèn)知維度,考察英漢介詞的類型、語(yǔ)序特征、規(guī)律及其動(dòng)因等的研究,還顯不足。許多有關(guān)英漢介詞句法功能、特征的研究在理論和方法上具有一定的同質(zhì)性。 本研究在評(píng)價(jià)和批判前人相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出自己的研究議題,確定本研究的視角、理論框架和方法等。借助British National Corpus-Brigham Young University(BNC-BYU)和Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese(LCMC)語(yǔ)料庫(kù),對(duì)相關(guān)英漢語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì);分析和解釋相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),概括結(jié)論。比較英漢介詞的句法功能,找出異同及其規(guī)律,分析其中涉及的動(dòng)因。 本研究以標(biāo)記理論(Markedness Theory/MT)、“聯(lián)系項(xiàng)原則”(RP)、“核心相鄰原則”(HPP)、“語(yǔ)序相似性原則”(PWOI)、“焦點(diǎn)信息突顯原則”(IFSP)、“可別度領(lǐng)前原則”(ILP)為框架,解釋英漢介詞前-后置的語(yǔ)序動(dòng)因、介詞的前-后置與其優(yōu)劣勢(shì)語(yǔ)序之間的相關(guān)性;比較上述語(yǔ)序原則對(duì)英漢介詞的語(yǔ)序制約效果,考察英漢常用介詞的語(yǔ)序自由度與其語(yǔ)序分布廣度、前-后置傾向性之間的相關(guān)性及其規(guī)律。 本論文主要研究以下內(nèi)容:1)英漢介詞的類型及其語(yǔ)序特征。具體包括英漢介詞的類型特征與其基本語(yǔ)序特征比較、英漢語(yǔ)言三類介詞的語(yǔ)法化異同分析、英漢介詞的語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)其類型-語(yǔ)序的影響、英漢介詞的優(yōu)勢(shì)語(yǔ)序異同分析。2)英漢前置介詞的語(yǔ)序及其句法制約功能。具體包括英漢前置介詞的基本語(yǔ)序及其動(dòng)因、英漢雙層介詞的句法-語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)特征及其制約功能、英漢復(fù)雜介詞的句法-語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)特征及其制約功能、英漢介詞的語(yǔ)序制約功能及其理?yè)?jù)。3)英漢介詞的句法分工及其標(biāo)記模式。具體包括英漢介詞的句法分工異同、英漢前置介詞的題元功能比較、英漢介詞的標(biāo)記模式異同及其動(dòng)因、英漢介詞短語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序與其基本語(yǔ)序的相關(guān)性及其動(dòng)因、英漢介詞與謂詞的邊界糾葛:從屬語(yǔ)標(biāo)記與核心標(biāo)記。4)英漢介詞的語(yǔ)序穩(wěn)固性。具體包括英漢介詞的語(yǔ)序自由度及其動(dòng)因、英漢介詞的前-后置傾向性及其句法標(biāo)記度、英語(yǔ)/漢語(yǔ)同類介詞的語(yǔ)序自由度及其句法標(biāo)記度。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn):1)英漢語(yǔ)言都有前置介詞、后置介詞和框式介詞。兩種語(yǔ)言中,前置介詞相對(duì)于其他兩類介詞數(shù)量上占優(yōu)勢(shì),尤其是英語(yǔ)。英漢介詞的語(yǔ)義結(jié)構(gòu)既影響其類型和語(yǔ)序,也影響其句法功能。2)英漢介詞的語(yǔ)序類型與兩種語(yǔ)言的基本語(yǔ)序之間是和諧關(guān)系,具有高度相關(guān)性。英漢介詞的VPP/PPV語(yǔ)序的優(yōu)劣勢(shì)程度不同。英語(yǔ)中,介詞以動(dòng)后(VPP)語(yǔ)序格局為絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)語(yǔ)序,漢語(yǔ)中介詞既有動(dòng)前(PPV)語(yǔ)序格局,也有動(dòng)后(VPP)語(yǔ)序格局,但以PPV為相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)語(yǔ)序。3)英漢語(yǔ)言中,相同/相似題元關(guān)系的介詞的標(biāo)記模式具有不對(duì)稱性。這種不對(duì)稱性具有系統(tǒng)性和規(guī)律性,是有理可據(jù)的。“重度順序原則”(HSP)(Hawkins,1983:78)對(duì)于英語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)之類右分叉語(yǔ)言的介詞語(yǔ)序具有很強(qiáng)的解釋力,但對(duì)日語(yǔ)、漢語(yǔ)介詞之類左分叉語(yǔ)言的介詞語(yǔ)序不具解釋力。4)英漢雙層介詞中,介詞的語(yǔ)義抽象度與其離動(dòng)詞的距離無(wú)關(guān),而與它們離所介引的名詞性成分的遠(yuǎn)近有直接關(guān)系。語(yǔ)義抽象度對(duì)英漢雙層介詞的語(yǔ)序制約效果不同!半p層介詞中,離動(dòng)詞越近的介詞語(yǔ)義抽象度越高”(C. Lehmann,1992:403-404;劉丹青,2003:298),不符合英漢雙層介詞的實(shí)際。5)英漢“動(dòng)-介”之間存在邊界糾葛。這種邊界糾葛在兩種語(yǔ)言中的表現(xiàn)方式不同,有其規(guī)律性和理?yè)?jù)性。6)英漢介詞的優(yōu)勢(shì)語(yǔ)序是相關(guān)語(yǔ)序原則制約的結(jié)果,這些原則之間存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系。違背語(yǔ)序原則越多的句子,標(biāo)記度越高。7)英漢介詞的語(yǔ)序自由度存在等級(jí)關(guān)系,與其分布廣度之間存在正比關(guān)系。英漢同類介詞的語(yǔ)序自由度不同,有其內(nèi)部規(guī)律性。
[Abstract]:In the traditional linguistics, the study of the prepositions of English and Chinese has also basically remained in the syntactic features, the semantic function and the syntactic function of the prepositions of the two languages. According to the research perspective and the method, these studies can be divided into the study of the grammatical dimension and the study of the comparative linguistics. But there are the following limitations:1) no emphasis is placed on the evidence in the English-Chinese language.2) There is no emphasis on the system of evidence and language facts.3) There is a lack of visual field of language typology in the research methods. In recent years, there are also some researches on the type, order and syntactic function of English and Chinese prepositions at home and abroad. What is the order correlation between prepositions and other key words in the two languages On the Harmony between English and Chinese Prepositions and the Characteristics of the Atypical Word Order in the SVO Language; To? Do you have any changes what is the correlation between the type and the order of prepositions in English and Chinese and the basic word order of the two languages Sex? What's the matter? According to? No, no, no, no. That's enough. The study of prepositions in English and Chinese still remains in the form of description and function interpretation. The research from cognitive linguistics and linguistic typology is not enough.3) The order of English and Chinese prepositions is subject to "contact principle" (Principal of Relator/ PR) (Dik,1983), and "core-neighbor principle" (Head Proximity Principal/ HPP) (Dik,1983). ), whether the restrictive effect of the "word order similarity principle" (Principles of Word OrderIconicity/ PWOI) and "the principle of pre-pilotage (" Identification-Left Principles/ ILP (Lambrecht,1994) is in phase What's the competition between these word-of-order principles Is the "excellent-inferior" of the Prepositions in English and Chinese Same? What's it going on? Because of the lack of research, there is a correlation between the degree of freedom of the English and Chinese prepositions and their "Front-rear" tendentiousness. On the level of the degree of freedom in the degree of freedom of the English/ Chinese prepositions -What's the difference? Same? There is no discussion.5) How the prepositional phrase between English and Chinese is related to the order of the attributive clause and the attributive clause. Sex? How does it move On the Relationship between English and Chinese Prepositions and Consecutive Words Sex? What's the Motives and the Inspirations A study of the types of prepositions in English and Chinese, the characteristics of the order, the law and their causes, etc. The study of the syntactic functions and features of prepositions in English and Chinese has a certain homogeneity in theory and method. This study, on the basis of evaluating and criticizing the relevant research of the predecessors, puts forward its own research topic, and determines the angle of view, the theoretical framework and the theoretical framework of the study. Methods: A corpus of BNC-BYU (BNC-BYU) and Lancaster Mobius of Mandrain Chinese (LCMC) was used to collect the relevant Chinese and Chinese materials, and the relevant data and the relevant data were analyzed and explained. In this paper, the syntactic functions of prepositions in English and Chinese are compared, and the similarities and differences and their laws are found. The purpose of this study is to explain the prepositions of English and Chinese prepositions, the front-to-back of prepositions, and the order of their superior and inferior positions, taking the mark theory (Marginal ness Theory/ MT), the "contact principle" (RP), the "core-neighbor principle" (HPP), the "word order similarity principle" (PWOI), the "focus information highlighting principle" (IFSP) and the "the principle of the pre-lead" (ILP) as the framework. The correlation between English and Chinese prepositions is compared with the above-mentioned order principle, and the relation between the degree of freedom of the common prepositions in English and Chinese and the breadth of the distribution and the front-back tendentiousness of the prepositions in English and Chinese are examined. The paper mainly studies the following:1) the class of English and Chinese prepositions The types of prepositions in English and Chinese are compared with their basic word order, and the similarities and differences of the three types of prepositions in English and Chinese are analyzed, and the semantic structure of the prepositions in English and Chinese is the same as that of the English and Chinese prepositions. the influence of the English-Chinese prepositions and the similarities and differences between English and Chinese prepositions; The syntactic and semantic structure of English and Chinese prepositions and their restrictive functions, and the syntax-semantic structure of English and Chinese complex prepositions. On the Function of the Chinese and English Prepositions and the Motivations of the Chinese and English Prepositions; The paper includes the similarities and differences of the syntactic division of prepositions between English and Chinese, the comparison of the function of the prepositions between English and Chinese, the similarities and differences between English and Chinese prepositions, their motivation, the relationship between the English and Chinese prepositions and their basic order, their motivation, and the prepositions of English and Chinese. The boundary correction of the predicate: the slave language mark and the core mark. The word order stability of the word. It includes the degree of freedom of the English and Chinese prepositions and their motivation, the pre-post-post tendency of English and Chinese prepositions and their syntactic markers, and the degree of freedom of the English/ Chinese prepositions. The study found that:1) both English and Chinese have prepositions, The preposition and the frame preposition. In both languages, the preposition of the preposition is relative to the other two types of prepositions. The dominant, especially the English. The semantic structure of the prepositions in English and Chinese affects both the type and the order of the English and Chinese prepositions, and also the syntactic function of the English and Chinese prepositions. A system with high correlation. VPP/ PPV in English and Chinese prepositions In English, prepositions are in the form of an absolute advantage, and the prepositions in Chinese have a pre-active (PPV) order pattern and a post-dynamic (VPP) order pattern, but with PPV as a relative advantage. the preposition of the same/ similar propositional relationship in the English-Chinese language The pattern has an asymmetry. This asymmetry is of a systematic nature and a rule. The "severe order principle" (HSP) (Hawkins,1983:78) has a strong interpretation of the prepositions of the right branch language such as English and German, but the prepositions of the left branch language such as Japanese and Chinese prepositions have no explanation. 4) In the English-Chinese double-layer preposition, the semantic abstraction of prepositions is independent of the distance from the verb, and the semantic abstraction of the preposition is not related to the term of the reference. There is a direct relationship between the distance and the near-far. The semantic abstraction is the preposition of the English-Chinese double-layer. The effect of the order constraints is different. The "In the double-layer preposition, the higher the semantic abstraction of the preposition, which is closer to the verb," (C. Lehmann,1992:403-404; Liu Danqing,2003:298) does not accord with the actual.5) English and Chinese "action-medium" There is a border dispute between the two languages. This kind of boundary is different in the two languages, with its regularity and the rule of law.6) The advantage of the prepositions in English and Chinese is the result of the restriction of the relevant word order principle. There is a competitive relationship between English and Chinese prepositions. There is a direct relationship between the degree of the English and Chinese prepositions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:H314;H146

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