【摘要】：話語標(biāo)記是口語會(huì)話中表達(dá)言者主觀性的語言手段之一，對(duì)話語的生成和理解至關(guān)重要。本文在系統(tǒng)梳理國(guó)內(nèi)外話語標(biāo)記研究歷史的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語“你V”類話語標(biāo)記進(jìn)行了全面考察，研究?jī)?nèi)容有以下四個(gè)方面： 第一，辨析四個(gè)概念。話語標(biāo)記與語用標(biāo)記、元話語、插入語有著緊密聯(lián)系。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：從句法上看，元話語、話語標(biāo)記、語用標(biāo)記都是一種“插入”成分，插入語是它們的句法結(jié)構(gòu)性特征。從話語層面分析，話語分兩級(jí)，即基本話語和元話語。插入語中起補(bǔ)足句意的一類屬于基本話語，而表達(dá)言者主觀性的一類處于元話語層面，，其中形式固定程度較高的是語用標(biāo)記，語用標(biāo)記當(dāng)中編碼程序性意義的是話語標(biāo)記，根據(jù)其語用意義聚焦的不同受眾，可分為“表達(dá)主觀性的話語標(biāo)記”和“表達(dá)交互主觀性的話語標(biāo)記”。 第二，探究形式和語義特征。本文考察的“你V”類話語標(biāo)記包括“你看”類、“你說”類、“你聽”類、“你想”類、“你知道”類和“你猜”類。它們的變體形式可通過以下四種手段實(shí)現(xiàn)：主語隱含、動(dòng)詞重疊、結(jié)構(gòu)重疊、添加副詞和語氣詞�！澳鉜”類話語標(biāo)記經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)發(fā)展階段，即表示行為實(shí)義的引導(dǎo)標(biāo)記“你V1”、表示認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)義的征詢標(biāo)記“你V2”以及表示篇章義的話語標(biāo)記“你V3”。作為話語標(biāo)記的“你V”只能后續(xù)陳述句、感嘆句和反問句，后續(xù)話語的語義只對(duì)言者確證。 第三，分析話語功能。“你V”類話語標(biāo)記主要發(fā)揮語篇連貫和人際互動(dòng)兩大功能。語篇連貫功能包括形式連貫和內(nèi)容連貫。從形式上看，言談雙方通過對(duì)話輪進(jìn)行延續(xù)和交替來維持交際進(jìn)程；從內(nèi)容上看，言者對(duì)話題進(jìn)行組織處理，實(shí)現(xiàn)信息的傳遞。人際互動(dòng)功能主要體現(xiàn)在言者移情、尋求認(rèn)同、提請(qǐng)注意。一個(gè)會(huì)話語篇中的同一個(gè)話語標(biāo)記可以同時(shí)發(fā)揮連貫功能和互動(dòng)功能。 第四，考察形成機(jī)制。“你V”類話語標(biāo)記的形成受到語義、句法和語用這三方面的制約。句法上語法化，表現(xiàn)為結(jié)構(gòu)的重新分析以及組合成分的去范疇化和再范疇化；語義上定型化，經(jīng)由“你”和“V”語義的虛化到“你V”整體格式獲得浮現(xiàn)意義；語用上主觀化，包括語用推理和交互主觀化。交互主觀化是“你V”類話語標(biāo)記形成的根本動(dòng)因。
[Abstract]:Discourse markers are one of the linguistic means to express the subjectivity of speakers in oral conversation, which is very important to the generation and understanding of discourse. On the basis of systematically combing the research history of discourse markers at home and abroad, this paper makes a comprehensive investigation of "you V" discourse markers in modern Chinese. The research contents include the following four aspects: first, the discrimination of four concepts. Discourse markers are closely related to pragmatic markers, meta-discourse and inserts. From the syntactic point of view, meta-discourse, discourse markers and pragmatic markers are all "inserted" components, and inserts are their syntactic structural features. From the discourse level, discourse is divided into two levels, that is, basic discourse and meta-discourse. The category that complements the meaning of the sentence in the insert belongs to the basic discourse, while the subjectivity of the speaker is at the level of meta-discourse, in which pragmatic markers are the ones with a higher degree of formal fixation, and discourse markers are the ones that encode the procedural meaning of pragmatic markers. According to the different audiences whose pragmatic meaning focuses, they can be divided into "discourse markers expressing subjectivity" and "discourse markers expressing interaction subjectivity". Second, explore the form and semantic features. The discourse markers of "you V" in this paper include "you see" class, "you say" class, "you listen" class, "you want" class, "you know" class and "you guess" class. Their variant forms can be realized by the following four means: subject implication, verb overlap, structural overlap, adverbs and modal words. The discourse markers of "you V" have gone through three stages of development, namely, the guiding mark "you V1", which indicates the real meaning of behavior, the inquiry mark "you V 2", which indicates the understanding of modal meaning, and the discourse mark "you V3", which indicates the meaning of the text. As a discourse marker, "you V" can only follow the declarative sentence, exclamation sentence and rhetorical question, and the semantics of the subsequent discourse can only be confirmed by the speaker. Third, the analysis of discourse function. The "you V" discourse markers mainly play the two functions of discourse coherence and interpersonal interaction. The function of discourse coherence includes formal coherence and content coherence. From the formal point of view, the two sides maintain the process of communication through the continuation and alternation of the dialogue round; from the content point of view, the speaker organizes and processes the topic and realizes the transmission of information. The function of interpersonal interaction is mainly reflected in the empathy of the speaker, seeking recognition and drawing attention. The same discourse marker in a conference discourse can play a coherent and interactive function at the same time. Fourth, the formation mechanism is investigated. The formation of "you V" discourse markers is restricted by semantics, syntax and pragmatics. Syntactic grammaticalization is manifested in the re-analysis of structure and the de-categorization and re-categorization of combinational components, and the semantic stereotyping leads to the emergence of meaning in the overall format of "you" and "V" through the virtual meaning of "you" and "V". Pragmatic subjectivization, including pragmatic reasoning and interactive subjectivization. Interactive subjectivization is the fundamental motivation for the formation of "you V" discourse markers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146.3

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本文編號(hào)：2480712