【摘要】：本文主要研究了當(dāng)前對(duì)歐漢語教學(xué)中存在的幾個(gè)問題。首先,本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了 一些傳統(tǒng)的及非傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法。根據(jù)這些方法,研究了這些問題產(chǎn)生的背景,原因及其影響,同時(shí)提出了解決這些問題的方法。本文研究的問題包括：漢語教學(xué)法的針對(duì)性問題、重復(fù)性差的問題、生字的識(shí)辨問題、缺乏系統(tǒng)性的問題、練習(xí)應(yīng)該充足且適合學(xué)習(xí)者特點(diǎn)的問題、以及考慮外國人的文化和習(xí)慣的問題。 歐洲的外語教學(xué)專家一致認(rèn)為,教授一門外語的時(shí)候,一定要考慮學(xué)生的母語。然而教漢語的時(shí)候,母語是完全不被考慮的。這樣,學(xué)習(xí)漢語對(duì)歐洲人來說成了一件難事。 重復(fù)性也是幾乎每一個(gè)外語教學(xué)專家都重視的問題。語言不是一種知識(shí),要人們背下來；而是一個(gè)系統(tǒng),要人們熟練使用。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目的,重復(fù)性成了教學(xué)過程中不可或缺的一部分。然而,很多對(duì)外漢語教材卻忽略了這個(gè)問題,因而讓漢語學(xué)習(xí)變得很難。 對(duì)非漢字文化圈的學(xué)生來說,漢字教學(xué)是很重要的問題。怎么讓他們慢慢習(xí)慣使用漢字而不害怕漢字也是不易解決的問題。 在外語教學(xué)中,系統(tǒng)性也是很多專家都說過的問題,它也是從外語教學(xué)中必不可少的部分。然而,令人遺憾的是,很多對(duì)外漢語教材卻從來沒有考慮過這個(gè)問題。 學(xué)習(xí)語言肯定需要做練習(xí),而且也要做有用和有意思的練習(xí)。很多教漢語的課本卻缺少練習(xí)。更有甚者,一些練習(xí)脫離實(shí)際需要,這些都是我們并不樂見的。 各個(gè)國家和地區(qū)都有各自的文化和習(xí)俗。因此,每個(gè)學(xué)生都會(huì)遇到可以接受的、很難接受的和完全沒有辦法接受的事情,亦會(huì)遇到興趣濃厚的、深覺無聊的或難以忍受的課文。如果編寫課本的時(shí)候不考慮這個(gè)問題,忽視了具體的文化和習(xí)俗,就很可能導(dǎo)致很多外國人放棄學(xué)習(xí)漢語或者讓他們覺得學(xué)習(xí)漢語艱難而枯燥。 所有這些問題,都有一個(gè)可以解決的辦法。即,在編寫課本,考慮對(duì)歐漢語教學(xué)法的時(shí)候,中國的專家和外國的專家應(yīng)該精誠合作。只有共同努力,方能讓漢語不再難學(xué)。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies several problems existing in the teaching of European Chinese. First of all, this paper briefly introduces some traditional and non-traditional teaching methods. According to these methods, the background, causes and effects of these problems are studied, and the methods to solve these problems are also proposed. The problems studied in this paper include: the targeted problem of Chinese teaching method, the problem of poor repetition, the problem of identification and identification of Chinese characters, the lack of systematic problems, and the problem that the practice should be adequate and suitable for learners' characteristics. And consider the culture and customs of foreigners. European foreign language teaching experts agree that when teaching a foreign language, you must consider the student's mother tongue. However, when teaching Chinese, mother tongue is not considered at all. In this way, learning Chinese is a difficult task for Europeans. Repeatability is also a problem that almost every foreign language teaching expert pays attention to. Language is not a kind of knowledge, it requires people to memorize; it is a system that requires people to use it skillfully. In order to achieve this goal, repeatability has become an indispensable part of the teaching process. However, many TCFL textbooks ignore this problem, which makes it difficult to learn Chinese. The teaching of Chinese characters is a very important problem for the students who are not in the cultural circle of Chinese characters. How to let them slowly get used to using Chinese characters without fear of Chinese characters is also a difficult problem to solve. In foreign language teaching, systematicness is also a problem that many experts have said, and it is also an indispensable part of foreign language teaching. Unfortunately, however, many TCFL textbooks have never considered this issue. Learning a language certainly requires practice, as well as useful and interesting exercises. Many textbooks that teach Chinese are short of practice. What's more, some of the exercises we don't like to see are off-the-shelf. Each country and region has its own culture and customs. Therefore, every student will encounter acceptable, difficult and totally unacceptable things, as well as interesting, deeply boring or intolerable texts. If the textbook is written without considering this problem and ignoring specific culture and customs, it is likely that many foreigners will give up learning Chinese or make them find it difficult and boring to learn Chinese. There is a solution to all these problems. That is, Chinese experts and foreign experts should cooperate sincerely in the preparation of textbooks and consideration of the European language teaching method. Only by working together can the Chinese language be no longer difficult to learn.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H195

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