【摘要】：反義關(guān)系與同義關(guān)系一樣，，是語言中重要的意義關(guān)系之一。對于古漢語反義詞的研究，目前多局限于對先秦專書文獻(xiàn)的研究，對于中古及近代漢語專書研究很少。本文選取中古時(shí)期一部具有代表性的文獻(xiàn)著作《世說新語》作為研究對象，從共時(shí)和歷時(shí)兩個(gè)角度對其中的實(shí)詞反義關(guān)系做一個(gè)整體性研究。 緒論部分對《世說新語》的語料價(jià)值及古漢語反義詞的研究歷史與現(xiàn)狀作了簡要的說明，揭示《世說新語》的研究價(jià)值，同時(shí)對反義詞和實(shí)詞的界定和判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作了簡單的介紹。 從第二章開始本文首先對反義詞、實(shí)詞依據(jù)一定的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，采用窮盡式地定量分析法，對《世說新語》中的實(shí)詞反義關(guān)系進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)；然后再從分類、存在形式和多邊關(guān)系三個(gè)角度對所歸納出的反義詞進(jìn)行共時(shí)的描寫分析，進(jìn)而總結(jié)出《世說新語》實(shí)詞反義關(guān)系的特點(diǎn)；最后采用共時(shí)與歷時(shí)相結(jié)合的方法，對共時(shí)分析結(jié)果中的部分常用反義詞做歷時(shí)比較研究，并對其演變原因進(jìn)行深入地探討分析。 通過對《世說新語》實(shí)詞反義關(guān)系的共時(shí)與歷時(shí)的具體分析，我們得出的結(jié)論是：《世說》中的反義詞數(shù)量眾多且使用頻繁，其中形容詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞占了絕對優(yōu)勢；反義詞的不均衡性明顯；表意效果強(qiáng)烈顯著；存在形式的多樣性；語義對應(yīng)關(guān)系復(fù)雜且不平衡；反義關(guān)系歷史演變情況多樣，演變原因紛繁復(fù)雜等。這一研究結(jié)論對中古漢語反義關(guān)系研究甚至對整個(gè)詞匯系統(tǒng)的研究都具有一定的參考價(jià)值，同時(shí)也可以為我們將來建立完整的古漢語詞匯系統(tǒng)提供一定的幫助。
[Abstract]:Like synonymous relation, antisense relation is one of the important meaning relations in language. The research on antonyms of ancient Chinese is mostly limited to the literature of pre-Qin monographs, but little has been done on Chinese monographs in mid-ancient and modern times. In this paper, a representative literature work, "Shi Shuo Xin Yu", is chosen as the research object, and a holistic study on the relationship between the truth and antonym is made from the perspective of synchronic and diachronic. In the introduction, the author briefly explains the corpus value of "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" and the research history and present situation of the antonym in ancient Chinese, and reveals the research value of "Shi Shuo Xin Yu". At the same time, the definition and judgment criteria of antonyms and positives are briefly introduced. From the beginning of the second chapter, this paper firstly summarizes the antonym and the antonym relation in Shi Shuo Xin Yu by means of exhaustive quantitative analysis based on certain judgment criteria. Then from the three angles of classification, existence form and multilateral relationship, the synchronic description and analysis of the antonyms are carried out, and then the characteristics of the antonym relation are summarized from the perspective of "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" and "Shi Shuo Xin Yu". Finally, the synchronic and diachronic methods are used to make a diachronic comparative study on some antonyms commonly used in the synchronic analysis results, and the causes of its evolution are discussed and analyzed in depth. Based on the synchronic and diachronic analysis of the synchronic and diachronic relationship between the antonyms of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, we draw the conclusion that the antonyms in Shi Shuo are numerous and frequently used, in which adjectives, verbs and nouns occupy the absolute advantage; The imbalance of antonyms is obvious; the ideographic effect is strong; the forms of existence are diverse; the semantic correspondence relations are complex and unbalanced; the historical evolution of antonyms is diverse and the evolution reasons are complicated and so on. This conclusion can be used as a reference for the study of the antonym relationship of middle and ancient Chinese, even for the whole vocabulary system, and it can also provide some help for us to establish a complete vocabulary system of ancient Chinese in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H141

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本文編號：2447222