發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-04 09:35

【摘要】：從20世紀(jì)末以來(lái),聲調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究迅速發(fā)展,并且主要集中在漢語(yǔ)方言聲調(diào)研究領(lǐng)域。目前有關(guān)湘西苗語(yǔ)聲調(diào)的研究也取得了很多成果,主要運(yùn)用的是口說(shuō)耳辨的傳統(tǒng)方法,很少有用聲調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法來(lái)研究湘西苗語(yǔ)聲調(diào)的。本文在傳統(tǒng)理論與方法的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用聲調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法對(duì)吉首市境內(nèi)的湘西苗語(yǔ)土語(yǔ)的單音詞聲調(diào)進(jìn)行選點(diǎn)調(diào)查研究,試圖用現(xiàn)代化的手段給出吉首市境內(nèi)湘西苗語(yǔ)土語(yǔ)的聲調(diào)調(diào)值。一方面驗(yàn)證現(xiàn)有的研究成果,填補(bǔ)還沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)調(diào)查過(guò)的空白；另一方面對(duì)吉首市境內(nèi)的苗語(yǔ)土語(yǔ)的新派聲調(diào)面貌形成整體認(rèn)識(shí),探討湘西苗語(yǔ)聲調(diào)的變化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。 本文一共五章分三個(gè)部分。 第一部分是緒論。首先介紹本文研究的意義和范圍,方法和過(guò)程以及聲調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)相關(guān)理論。接著介紹湘西苗語(yǔ)聲調(diào)的研究現(xiàn)狀,吉首市的語(yǔ)言概況和各個(gè)土語(yǔ)在吉首市境內(nèi)的分布情況。 第二部分是第2章至第4章。分別詳細(xì)介紹了吉首市境內(nèi)的湘西苗語(yǔ)的東、西次方言中的兩大典型土語(yǔ)的聲調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。每章的內(nèi)容是首先介紹各個(gè)土語(yǔ)代表點(diǎn)(矮寨、馬頸坳、排綢)的實(shí)驗(yàn)材料和實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)音合作人情況。本文用筆記本電腦安裝Adobe Audition3.0聲音處理軟件和Panasonic桌上型PC麥克風(fēng)進(jìn)行錄音采樣,然后對(duì)采集來(lái)語(yǔ)音樣本進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)分析,最后展示原始基頻圖片。實(shí)驗(yàn)分析過(guò)程：首先采用Praat多功能語(yǔ)音信號(hào)處理軟件獲取各個(gè)土語(yǔ)的單音詞聲調(diào)的基頻、調(diào)長(zhǎng)等數(shù)據(jù)；然后運(yùn)用LZ法轉(zhuǎn)換基頻均值進(jìn)行基頻歸一化,用RD值進(jìn)行直觀化處理,制作出各個(gè)土語(yǔ)的聲調(diào)格局圖；接著采用ND比值進(jìn)行調(diào)長(zhǎng)歸一化,制作出絕對(duì)調(diào)長(zhǎng)和相對(duì)調(diào)長(zhǎng)圖形；最后觀察聲調(diào)格局圖中各聲調(diào)的RD值分布、曲線走勢(shì),綜合考慮調(diào)長(zhǎng)和聽(tīng)感,分析得出各個(gè)土語(yǔ)聲調(diào)的實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)值結(jié)論,并與現(xiàn)有的研究成果進(jìn)行對(duì)比。 第三部分是結(jié)語(yǔ)�？偨Y(jié)本文研究結(jié)果,與傳統(tǒng)研究進(jìn)行對(duì)比,綜合分析得出吉首市境內(nèi)的湘西苗語(yǔ)的各個(gè)土語(yǔ)調(diào)值的最終結(jié)論；最后指出本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和不足的地方,明確今后的努力方向。
[Abstract]:Since the end of the 20th century, tone experimental research has developed rapidly, and mainly concentrated in the field of tone research in Chinese dialects. At present, many achievements have been made in the study of Miao tone in the west of Hunan Province, mainly using the traditional method of speech and ear differentiation, and rarely using the tone experiment method to study the tone of Miao language in the west of Hunan Province. On the basis of traditional theory and method, this paper makes an investigation on the tone selection of monosyllabic words in Xiangxi Miao dialect native language in Jishou city by means of tone experiment. This paper attempts to give the tone value of Xiangxi Miao dialect in Jishou city by means of modernization. On the one hand, to verify the existing research results, to fill the gap that has not been systematically investigated; on the other hand, to form a holistic understanding of the new tone appearance of Miao dialect in Jishou city, and to discuss the development trend of Miao dialect tone in western Hunan. This paper consists of five chapters, which are divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction. First, this paper introduces the significance and scope of this study, methods and processes, as well as the relevant theory of tone experiment. Then it introduces the present situation of Miao tone research in western Hunan, the general situation of language in Jishou City and the distribution of each native language in Jishou City. The second part is chapters 2 to 4. This paper introduces the tone experiment of two typical dialects of Miao dialect in east and west sub-dialects of Xiangxi in Jishou city in detail. The content of each chapter is to first introduce the experimental materials and pronunciation cooperation of each local language representative point (dwarf village, horse neck depression, row silk). In this paper, the Adobe Audition3.0 sound processing software and the Panasonic desktop PC microphone are installed in the notebook computer for recording and sampling, and then the collected speech samples are analyzed experimentally. Finally, the original fundamental frequency pictures are displayed. The experimental analysis process: firstly, the basic frequency and length data of the monosyllabic tone of each native language are obtained by using the Praat multi-function speech signal processing software. Then the LZ method is used to convert the mean value of the fundamental frequency to normalize the fundamental frequency, and the R D value is used to straighten out the tone pattern of each native language, and then the ND ratio is used to normalize the fundamental frequency to produce the absolute and relative modulation patterns. Finally, the distribution of Rd value and curve trend of each tone in the tone pattern map are observed. Considering the adjustment of length and the sense of hearing, the conclusion of the experimental tone value of each tone is analyzed and compared with the existing research results. The third part is the conclusion. This paper summarizes the results of this study, compares with the traditional research, and draws the final conclusion of the local tone values of Xiangxi Miao language in Jishou City. Finally, it points out the innovation and deficiency of this paper, and clarifies the direction of efforts in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H216

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