【摘要】：語言是人類進行思維、感知世界的工具，也是人類最重要的交際工具。語言是一套由語音、語匯、語法組成的結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)。諺語是語言的組成部分，，是人民大眾生產(chǎn)生活經(jīng)驗的總結(jié)，以口語的形式流傳于民間，具有闡述道理、傳授知識、教育勸誡等功能。諺語作為獨特的語言現(xiàn)象，是社會文化的一面鏡子，在用特定的語言形式表達(dá)思想感情的同時，還承載著深厚的文化內(nèi)涵。云龍是一個以白族為主體的多民族山區(qū)縣，各族人民和睦相處，共同締造了云龍豐富多彩的文化。作為云龍白族文化鏡像的白族諺語，它是反映白族生產(chǎn)實踐、社會斗爭和日常生活的藝術(shù)結(jié)晶，是白族人民生活的百科全書，它用精當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確、形象生動的語詞，短小有力、節(jié)奏鮮明的句式展示了白語的精華。白族諺語又是植根于白族社會生活土壤中的智慧花朵。不同的自然環(huán)境、社會歷史、生活方式?jīng)Q定了一個民族獨特的思維方式、性格特征及心理素質(zhì)，這些都在諺語中鮮明地反映出來，形成了白族諺語獨特的文化品格。值得進行專門的分析和研究。本文以語言學(xué)、詞匯學(xué)、修辭學(xué)、語體學(xué)等學(xué)科理論為指導(dǎo)，對云龍山地白族的諺語進行了探討，全文內(nèi)容如下：本文分前言、正文、結(jié)語三部分。正文分為六章，第一章是緒論，包括選題的緣由、研究的目的和意義、文獻(xiàn)綜述、研究理論和方法。第二章簡述了云龍白族的生態(tài)環(huán)境及語言和諺語的使用情況。第三章云龍介紹了白族諺語的類別和特征。從內(nèi)容入手，把白族諺語分為修養(yǎng)諺、生活諺、經(jīng)濟諺、自然諺、事理諺、風(fēng)土諺六類，并從內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)、韻律方面分析了它的特征。第四章論述了白族諺語的語用修辭特征。白族諺語中常見的修辭方式有比喻、比擬、夸張、借代、對偶、對比、反問等。第五章多角度論述了白族諺語的文化內(nèi)涵。如，重視家庭和諧、尊老愛幼、文化和倫理教育等，這些體現(xiàn)了云龍白族的精神風(fēng)貌，反映了白族文化中積極向上的一面。其他如重男輕女、隨遇而安等，則反映了云龍白族文化中封建落后的一面。在傳承白族諺語時，應(yīng)“取其精華，去其糟粕”，充分發(fā)揮其在樹立民眾正確的道德觀和價值觀、構(gòu)建和諧社會等方面的積極作用。第六章是結(jié)語，對論文進行了總結(jié)，指出了論文的不足之處。本文所選用的諺語資料主要來自《白族諺語》、《大理州志》、《云龍縣志》以及自己實地調(diào)查得來的語料，資料相對完整，有利于分析。
[Abstract]:Language is the tool of human thinking and perception of the world. It is also the most important tool of human communication. Language is a structural system composed of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. Proverbs are an integral part of language and a summary of the people's experience in production and life. They are spread to the people in the form of spoken language. They have the functions of expounding truth, imparting knowledge, teaching advice and so on. Proverbs, as a unique linguistic phenomenon, are a mirror of social culture. As well as expressing their thoughts and feelings in specific language forms, proverbs also carry profound cultural connotations. Yunlong is a multi-ethnic mountainous county with Bai nationality as its main body. The people of all nationalities live in harmony and create a rich and colorful culture of Yunlong. As a mirror image of Yunlong Bai culture, Bai proverb is the artistic crystallization of Bai people's production practice, social struggle and daily life. It is an encyclopedia of Bai people's life. It uses precise, vivid words, short and powerful. The rhythm of the sentence shows the essence of the white language. The Bai proverb is also a flower of wisdom rooted in the soil of Bai's social life. Different natural environment, social history and life style determine a nation's unique way of thinking, character characteristics and psychological quality, which are clearly reflected in the proverbs and form the unique cultural character of Bai nationality proverbs. It is worth carrying on the special analysis and the research. Guided by the theories of linguistics, vocabulary, rhetoric, stylistics and so on, this paper discusses the proverbs of Bai nationality in Yunlong Mountain area. The full text is as follows: this paper is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. The text is divided into six chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, including the reasons for the topic, the purpose and significance of the study, literature review, research theory and methods. The second chapter briefly describes the ecological environment, language and proverbs of Yunlong Bai nationality. The third chapter introduces the categories and characteristics of Bai proverbs. Starting from the content, the Bai proverbs are divided into six categories: culture proverbs, life proverbs, economic proverbs, natural proverbs, truth proverbs and local proverbs. The characteristics of the proverbs are analyzed from the aspects of content, structure and prosody. The fourth chapter discusses the pragmatic rhetoric features of Bai proverbs. The figures of speech commonly used in Bai proverbs are metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, duality, contrast, inversion and so on. The fifth chapter discusses the cultural connotation of Bai proverbs from many angles. For example, attach importance to family harmony, respect for the elderly and love the young, culture and ethics education and so on, these reflect the spirit of Yunlong Bai nationality, reflect the positive side of Bai culture. Others, such as son preference, and so on, reflect the feudal backwardness of Yunlong Bai culture. In inheriting the Bai proverbs, we should "take the essence and get rid of its dross", and give full play to its positive role in the establishment of the people's correct morality and values, and the construction of a harmonious society. The sixth chapter is the conclusion, summarizes the paper, points out the shortcomings of the paper. The proverb materials selected in this paper are mainly from Bai Proverbs, Dali Chronicles, Yunlong County Records and the data obtained from their field investigations. The data are relatively complete and useful for analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H252

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