【摘要】：漢語聲調(diào)是無聲調(diào)語言母語者漢語學(xué)習(xí)中的難點之一。本文主要研究藏語安多方言同仁話的母語發(fā)音人在漢語聲調(diào)習(xí)得方面體現(xiàn)出的特征。內(nèi)容主要包括三個方面：(1)安多藏族漢語學(xué)習(xí)者的聲調(diào)模式；(2)藏語安多方言詞重音模式；(3)中介語聲調(diào)模式與藏語安多方言詞重音模式的比較。本研究遵循實驗語音學(xué)的研究思路,將實驗數(shù)據(jù)與理論分析相結(jié)合,在實驗數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上概括出藏語安多方言區(qū)漢語學(xué)習(xí)者漢語聲調(diào)以及母語詞重音的基本模式。通過兩種模式的交叉比較,擬尋找母語詞重音對漢語聲調(diào)習(xí)得的影響,進(jìn)而提出有效的聲調(diào)教學(xué)建議。 本研究所采用的語料,均為孤立朗讀狀態(tài)的詞語,詞語包括單音節(jié)字、雙音節(jié)詞、三音節(jié)詞和四音節(jié)詞。其中中介語部分的語料選自藏族學(xué)生說漢語語音語料庫,藏語安多方言語料來自實驗室錄音材料。本研究主要圍繞音高、音長和音強三大聲學(xué)參數(shù),對中介語聲調(diào)模式進(jìn)行分析,并按照發(fā)音人語言水平的不同,分三組進(jìn)行考察,得到聲調(diào)習(xí)得的動態(tài)特征。同樣用此方法,對藏語安多方言詞重音的聲學(xué)模式進(jìn)行考察。最后通過兩種模式的比較,尋求母語重音對中介語聲調(diào)的影響規(guī)律。 本文共分五章,具體結(jié)構(gòu)安排如下： 第一章緒論,主要介紹漢語聲調(diào)作為第二語言聲調(diào)的研究動態(tài),包括藏族學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)漢語聲調(diào)聲調(diào)研究情況。內(nèi)容涉及聲調(diào)習(xí)得順序、偏誤類型及漢語聲調(diào)教學(xué)方法。 第二章主要介紹本文研究所用語料的來源以及語料的處理方法。 第三章主要分析了安多藏族學(xué)生漢語聲調(diào)的聲學(xué)特征,分別對單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)、三音節(jié)和四音節(jié)詞的聲調(diào)模式進(jìn)行深入分析,既包括整體聲調(diào)模式又包括主要偏誤類型,還對單音節(jié)詞的聲調(diào)準(zhǔn)確度進(jìn)行定量、定性分析。 第四章主要從音高、音長和音強三個方面探索了藏語安多方言詞重音模式。 第五章對藏語安多方言詞重音模式與中介語聲調(diào)模式進(jìn)行比較并提出聲調(diào)教學(xué)建議。 安多藏族漢語學(xué)習(xí)者聲調(diào)特征主要體現(xiàn)以下幾個方面：(1)聲調(diào)習(xí)得順序為去聲、陰平、上聲、陽平。這種順序不受音節(jié)數(shù)量的影響。并且四個調(diào)類的習(xí)得過程不是平行的。(2)調(diào)型的發(fā)展先于調(diào)值的發(fā)展。(3)從單音節(jié)字到多音節(jié)詞,聲調(diào)習(xí)得連續(xù)性表現(xiàn)不同。(4)聲調(diào)偏誤特征類型因發(fā)音人語言水平和音節(jié)數(shù)量有差異。單音節(jié)：中、高水平發(fā)音人偏誤主要體現(xiàn)在調(diào)值方面,低水平發(fā)音人偏誤主要集中在調(diào)型方面；多音節(jié)詞：中、高水平發(fā)音人偏誤表現(xiàn)為同一聲調(diào)的調(diào)型分散,而低水平發(fā)音人各聲調(diào)的音高走勢基本一致。(5)音高、音長和音強存在一定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。雙音節(jié)詞聲調(diào)偏誤降調(diào)的表現(xiàn)為音長短音強重。(6)音強隨著音節(jié)數(shù)量的增多而逐漸減弱,音長模式不受音節(jié)數(shù)量影響。 藏語安多方言的音高雖然不區(qū)別意義,但音高突顯的位置在音節(jié)中相對固定,在語流中基本不變,我們可以稱其為“習(xí)慣性音高”。本文還對藏語安多方言詞重音進(jìn)行了探索。 (1)不同音節(jié)數(shù)量的音高模式不同。 單音節(jié)詞音高總體說來可以分成兩類：降調(diào)和平調(diào),以降調(diào)為主,因韻尾不同而有差異。雙音節(jié)詞音高模式主要有兩種：一種為主要模式中平調(diào)+高降調(diào)模式,音高突顯在第二音節(jié),另一種為高平調(diào)+中降調(diào)模式,音高突顯在第一音節(jié),這種音高模式主要為動詞的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。三音節(jié)詞音高模式由于音節(jié)組合方式的不同而不同,1+2型三音節(jié)詞音高模式為高平+中平+低降,音高突顯在第一音節(jié),2+1型三音節(jié)詞為中平+高降+低降模式,音高突顯在第二音節(jié)。四音節(jié)詞的音高模式(2+2型音節(jié)組合結(jié)構(gòu)),基本呈現(xiàn)平調(diào)+高降調(diào)+中平調(diào)+中降調(diào)的特征,是雙音節(jié)詞音高模式的擴展,不受語法結(jié)構(gòu)影響。 (2)音高、音長、音強在特殊音高模式上存在對應(yīng)關(guān)系。 雙音節(jié)動詞的音長、音強分布模式與其音高模式一致,均在第一音節(jié)突顯。1+2型三音節(jié)詞,音高、音長、音強均在第一音節(jié)位置突顯。 通過上述兩種模式的對比,本文認(rèn)為母語重音模式對中介語聲調(diào)模式存在一定影響,反映在中介語聲調(diào)中體現(xiàn)出交叉模式的特征。具體表現(xiàn)為： 1、音高、音長、音強在兩種模式中的影響程度有差異。 2、交叉模式是一個動態(tài)過程,隨著語言水平提高,交叉模式的影響越小 3、交叉模式不完全是兩種語言現(xiàn)象的疊加,還有語言普遍性的存在。 在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出聲調(diào)教學(xué)建議如下： 1、在教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)階段,對母語和目標(biāo)語語言系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行一些有針對性的對比分析,有利于確定教學(xué)中的難點和重點。 2、漢語聲調(diào)教學(xué)方法本身的改進(jìn),包括(1)加強不同聲調(diào)之間對比的聽辨；(2)聲調(diào)特征分段教學(xué)策略；(3)單音節(jié)字和多音節(jié)詞聲調(diào)的發(fā)音訓(xùn)練；(4)加強陽平和上聲兩個聲調(diào)的教學(xué)。
[Abstract]:The Chinese tone is one of the difficult points in the Chinese study of the non-tonal language. This paper mainly studies the characteristics of the native speaker's native speaker in the Chinese tone acquisition. The content mainly includes three aspects: (1) the tone pattern of the Tibetan Chinese learners; (2) the Tibetan language and the multi-party language stress pattern; and (3) the comparison of the interlanguage tone pattern with the Tibetan and the Tibetan language stress patterns. This study is based on the study of the experimental phonetics, and combines the experimental data with the theoretical analysis. On the basis of the experimental data, the basic pattern of the Chinese tone and the stress of the native tongue of the Chinese learners in the Tibetan Ando dialect area is summarized. Through the cross-comparison of the two modes, it is proposed to find the influence of the accent of the mother tongue on the Chinese tone acquisition, and then put forward the effective method of tone teaching. The language used by this research institute is the word of isolated reading state. The words include monosyllabic words, two-syllable words, three-syllable words and four syllables. the corpus of the interlanguage part is selected from the group consisting of the Tibetan students, the Chinese speech corpus, the Tibetan language and the multi-party speech material from the laboratory recording material, In this study, the tone pattern of the interlanguage is analyzed, and the tone pattern of the interlanguage is analyzed, and the dynamic state of the tone acquisition is obtained according to the difference of the language level of the speaker. An acoustic model of the stress of an anaphone in the Tibetan language. A. Finally, through the comparison of the two modes, the effect of the accent of the mother tongue on the tone of the interlanguage is sought. The article is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction of the first chapter, which mainly introduces the study of the Chinese tone as a second language tone, including the Tibetan students' learning of the Chinese tone. The study of tone acquisition. The contents relate to the order of tone acquisition, the type of deviation and the sound of Chinese. The second chapter mainly introduces the source of the terms and materials of the research institute. The third chapter mainly analyzes the acoustic characteristics of the Chinese tone of Ando Tibetan students, and analyses the tone patterns of single-syllable, double-syllable, three-syllable and four-syllable words, both of which include the whole tone pattern. And the tone accuracy of the single-syllable words is also included. The fourth chapter is to make a quantitative and qualitative analysis. The fourth chapter mainly explores the three aspects of pitch, length and sound. A Study of the Pattern of the Stress-stress of the Tibetan Language and the Tone Pattern of the Interlanguage in the Tibetan This paper makes a comparison and puts forward the suggestion of tone teaching. The tone characteristics of the Chinese learners in Ando Tibetan are mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) tone study The order of order is to go to the sound, the yin flat, the upper sound, the yang The order is not affected by the number of syllables. And the acquisition process of the four classes is not parallel. (2) The development of the adjustment type is before the development of the value adjustment. (3) from the single syllable word to the multi-syllable word The continuous performance of the syllable words and the tone acquisition is different. (4) The characteristic type of the deviation of the tone There is a difference in the level of the speaker's language and the number of syllables. The pitch of each tone of the speaker is generally consistent. (5) pitch A certain correspondence between the length of the sound and the sound. The performance of the misadjustment of the tone is strong. (6) The sound intensity gradually increases with the increase of the number of syllables. The pattern of phonology is not affected by the number of syllables. Although the pitch of the Tibetan Ando dialect is not different, the position of the pitch point is relatively fixed in the syllable, basically the same in the language stream, and we can call it as" trunk> "hb. itual pitch" .鏈，

本文編號：2431829