【摘要】：聲調(diào)作為漢藏語(yǔ)系重要的語(yǔ)音特征,具備較多可比性。本文以漢語(yǔ)普通話聲調(diào)的研究成果為參照,對(duì)藏語(yǔ)拉薩話和夏河話進(jìn)行分析研究。 首先,對(duì)課題來(lái)源、對(duì)象、意義及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀做了簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明；其次,從現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)音學(xué)角度,用聲學(xué)方法提取參數(shù),為聲調(diào)分析做準(zhǔn)備；再次,依據(jù)各項(xiàng)參數(shù),以普通話聲調(diào)類型為基礎(chǔ)總結(jié)藏語(yǔ)單、雙調(diào)類型和變調(diào)規(guī)律,并構(gòu)建音域模型；之后,分析喉塞對(duì)拉薩話聲調(diào)的影響；最后,分別對(duì)藏語(yǔ)聲調(diào)縱向和漢、藏語(yǔ)聲調(diào)橫向進(jìn)行比較,得出以下結(jié)論： 1)拉薩話聲調(diào)系統(tǒng)相對(duì)完善,有四種調(diào)型六個(gè)調(diào)值,高低二調(diào)區(qū)別明顯；夏河話習(xí)慣調(diào)只有降調(diào),體現(xiàn)不出高低二調(diào)區(qū)別。拉薩話中有喉塞的音節(jié)調(diào)型由平調(diào)變降調(diào)。 2)拉薩話雙字調(diào)變調(diào)規(guī)律：第一音節(jié)為清聲母字時(shí),除QS組合中雙塞音調(diào)值不變外,其余均變平調(diào),第二音節(jié)為降調(diào)；第一音節(jié)為濁聲母字時(shí),升調(diào)變平調(diào)、降調(diào),曲折調(diào)變升調(diào)和降調(diào),第二音節(jié)調(diào)型隨前一音節(jié)變化。 3)夏河話雙音節(jié)變調(diào)規(guī)律：第一音節(jié)由降調(diào)變平調(diào),第二音節(jié)不變。 4)漢、藏語(yǔ)相比：?jiǎn)巫终{(diào)時(shí),拉薩話與普通話一樣有四種調(diào)型；雙字調(diào)時(shí),普通話變調(diào)集中在第一音節(jié),第二音節(jié)基本不變；拉薩話變調(diào)以第一音節(jié)為主,第二音節(jié)也會(huì)發(fā)生變化。
[Abstract]:As an important phonetic feature of the Chinese-Tibetan language family, tone has more comparability. Based on the research results of Chinese Putonghua tone, this paper makes an analysis of Tibetan Lhasa and Xia he dialect. Firstly, the source, object, significance and current situation of the research at home and abroad are briefly explained; secondly, from the perspective of modern phonetics, the parameters are extracted by acoustic method to prepare for tone analysis. Thirdly, according to the parameters, based on the tone types of Putonghua, the author summarizes the single, double tone types and variations of Tibetan language, and constructs a range model, and then analyzes the influence of throat plug on the tones of Lhasa dialect. Finally, the author compares the vertical tone of Tibetan tone with that of Chinese and Tibetan respectively, and draws the following conclusions: 1) Lhasa dialect tone system is relatively perfect, there are four kinds of tone types and six tone values, the difference between high and low tones is obvious; Xia he dialect habit only down tone, can not reflect the difference between high and low two tones. In Lhasa dialect, the syllable type with throat plug changes from flat tone to lower tone. 2) in Lhasa dialect, when the first syllable is the Qing consonant, the other two syllables are flat and the second syllable is the descending tone except for the QS combination. When the first syllable is a turbid consonant, the ascending tone changes the flat tone, the descent tone, the zigzag tone and the descent tone, and the second syllable type changes with the preceding syllable. 3) the law of double syllable variation in Xiahe dialect: the first syllable is changed from descending tone to flat tone, while the second syllable is unchanged. 4) in Han and Tibetan languages, Lhasa has four kinds of tones as Putonghua, while in double tone, the change of Putonghua is concentrated on the first syllable, while the second syllable is basically unchanged. Lhasa dialect changes to the first syllable, the second syllable will also change.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H214;H11

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