【摘要】：近年來在網(wǎng)絡(luò)與紙質(zhì)媒體上流行的“被自殺”,“被就業(yè)”,“被離婚”等一大批新型“被XX”由于在句法上打破了傳統(tǒng)被字句的限制,語義上內(nèi)涵的豐富性以及表達(dá)上的高能產(chǎn)性得到了很多學(xué)者的關(guān)注。本研究旨在從框架語義學(xué)的角度,運(yùn)用認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的基本原理對(duì)其進(jìn)行考察,總結(jié)出新型“被XX”的框架與產(chǎn)生機(jī)制,并在此背景上對(duì)其句法語義及語用上的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)闡釋。 首先,新“被XX”構(gòu)成了自己的框架,在此框架內(nèi),三個(gè)核心框架元素構(gòu)成特定互動(dòng)關(guān)系,即B方由于A方引起的C事件(包含AB)受損,是這個(gè)框架的最基本特征。需要指出的是,這種受損可以是直接的,也可以是間接的,可以是精神上的,也可以是物質(zhì)上的。從這個(gè)角度來考察,任何可以激活C事件的“XX”,無論什么詞性,理論上都可以進(jìn)入此構(gòu)式。 其次,新“被XX”的產(chǎn)生是框架壓制的結(jié)果。框架壓制的效果主要有兩方面,一是壓制不參與理解的框架元素,凸顯出合適的ABC三個(gè)框架元素,另一方面是對(duì)ABC的互動(dòng)關(guān)系進(jìn)行壓制,結(jié)果是使得A處于可以通過C導(dǎo)致B受損的狀態(tài)。 再次,我們?cè)诳蚣艿幕A(chǔ)上討論了新“被XX”的歧義問題。新“被XX”可以表達(dá)A方聲稱B方進(jìn)行了“XX”所表達(dá)的行為,然而這個(gè)行為可能是虛假或捏造的；或是表達(dá)A方迫使B方處于“XX”所表達(dá)的狀態(tài),有時(shí)甚至B方都不知情。我們認(rèn)為,這種歧義主要是由于框架知識(shí)的規(guī)約性程度,及框架壓制的過程引起的。語境可以幫助我們化解歧義。 最后,我們探討了“被XX”的限制并對(duì)其使用進(jìn)行了大膽預(yù)測(cè)。第一,A方必須是有生命的人或組織；第二,對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)構(gòu)成典型傳統(tǒng)被字句的“XX”部分以及那些在現(xiàn)有認(rèn)知水平和背景下很難激活有意義事件的“XX”部分都很難形成“被XX”；第三,“XX”所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容必須是跟人或組織的主觀意志相關(guān),或是值得被謠傳的內(nèi)容。我們據(jù)此預(yù)測(cè),隨著語言環(huán)境的變化和新“被XX”的發(fā)展,一些在現(xiàn)有認(rèn)知水平和背景下不能被接受的“被XX”在未來可能被接受。并且隨著“新XX”的接受程度不斷增加,可能慢慢會(huì)作為傳統(tǒng)被字句意義上的一個(gè)子分類,與其統(tǒng)一起來,而標(biāo)志其“新”的引號(hào),也會(huì)慢慢剝落。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large number of new "XX", such as "suicide", "being employed" and "being divorced", have been popular on the Internet and in the print media because they have broken the syntactic restrictions of the traditional words and phrases. The richness of semantic connotation and the high-energy productivity of expression have been paid much attention by many scholars. From the perspective of frame semantics, the purpose of this study is to use the basic principles of cognitive linguistics to investigate and summarize the framework and production mechanism of a new type of "XX". In this context, the syntactic and semantic and pragmatic characteristics are systematically explained. First of all, the new "XX" constitutes its own framework. In this framework, three core frame elements form a specific interactive relationship, that is, the C event (including AB) caused by side A is damaged, which is the most basic feature of this framework. It should be noted that the damage can be direct, indirect, spiritual or material. From this point of view, any "XX" that can activate C events, no matter what the part of speech, can theoretically enter this construction. Second, the emergence of the new "XX" is the result of the frame suppression. The effect of frame suppression has two aspects. One is to suppress the frame elements that do not participate in understanding, which highlights the appropriate three frame elements of ABC, and the other is to suppress the interaction of ABC. The result is that A is in a state where B can be damaged through C. Thirdly, we discuss the ambiguity of the new XX based on the framework. The new "by XX" can express the behavior of "XX" expressed by party A, but this behavior may be false or fabricated, or it may force party B to be in the state of expression of "XX", sometimes without the knowledge of party B. We believe that this ambiguity is mainly due to the extent of frame knowledge and the process of frame suppression. Context can help us to resolve ambiguity. Finally, we discuss the limitations of XX and make bold predictions about its use. First, party A must be a living person or organization; Secondly, it is difficult to form "XX" for the "XX" parts which have formed the typical traditional "XX" words and those "XX" parts which are difficult to activate meaningful events in the existing cognitive level and background. Third, "XX" must be related to the subjective will of a person or organization, or worthy of rumour. Based on this, we predict that with the change of language environment and the development of new "XX", some "XX" that can not be accepted under the existing cognitive level and background may be accepted in the future. And with the increasing acceptance of "new XX", it may gradually become a subcategory in the sense of traditional words and sentences and be unified with it, and the quotation marks marking its "new" will gradually flake off.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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