【摘要】：本文基于漢語的語言事實,以副詞的一個小類——轉(zhuǎn)折副詞為研究對象,以語義分析、篇章分析及焦點理論、標(biāo)記理論為指導(dǎo),從信息標(biāo)記角度對這類詞進行全面的考察,全文主要從以下幾個方面對這類詞展開分析研究。 第一,對轉(zhuǎn)折副詞進行界定,確定研究對象。目前,學(xué)界對這類副詞的名稱尚無統(tǒng)一定論,有人稱之為評注性副詞,有人稱之為語氣副詞,本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合這類詞的基本語義,將其界定為轉(zhuǎn)折副詞。本文還依據(jù)現(xiàn)代漢語詞典對這類詞的解釋,篩選出研究對象為“反”、“反而”、“反倒”、“竟”、“竟然”、“居然”、“偏”、“偏偏”、“倒”、“倒是”和“其實”。 第二,對轉(zhuǎn)折副詞作為反預(yù)期信息標(biāo)記詞的語義進行了分析研究。我們先根據(jù)它們的語義關(guān)聯(lián)性將其分為五組,分別為“反/反而/反倒”、“竟/竟然/居然”、“偏/偏偏”、“倒/倒是”和“其實”。然后,通過字典釋義和語料分析對這類詞進行語義篩選,確定它們在話語中何時可以作為反預(yù)期信息標(biāo)記詞。最后,對這類詞作為反預(yù)期信息標(biāo)記詞的語義背景和語義格式進行了分析描寫。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)折副詞語義格式中的語義要素一般不會完整出現(xiàn),有些是隱含在句子中的,符合語言經(jīng)濟性原則。我們認為,轉(zhuǎn)折副詞的基本語義是其能夠在話語中充當(dāng)反預(yù)期信息標(biāo)記詞的前提條件。 第三,對轉(zhuǎn)折副詞作為反預(yù)期信息標(biāo)記詞時的語用功能進行了分析研究。語言交際過程中,反預(yù)期信息標(biāo)記詞在表達意義時會帶有說話人的感情色彩,有很強的主觀性。在篇章中位置比較靈活,可以承擔(dān)預(yù)示功能和轉(zhuǎn)承功能。我們還對轉(zhuǎn)折副詞的焦點和情態(tài)做了研究,轉(zhuǎn)折副詞的特點決定了其所存在的話語的前后語義必定會發(fā)生對比,這樣才能標(biāo)記反預(yù)期信息。因此,反預(yù)期信息標(biāo)記詞的對比焦點表現(xiàn)比較突出,其引導(dǎo)的話語就是句子信息強度最高的部分,它可以表達話語的逆轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)和意外態(tài)。 第四,重點分析了轉(zhuǎn)折副詞的反預(yù)期信息功能。首先,通過具體的語言事實分析了轉(zhuǎn)折副詞作為標(biāo)記詞在話語中所體現(xiàn)的三種具體的反預(yù)期信息類型,分別是與說話人的預(yù)期相反、與受話人的預(yù)期相反,與特定的言語社會共享的預(yù)期相反。然后從三個層面即主觀層面、交際層面和語篇層面分析了反預(yù)期信息標(biāo)記詞的標(biāo)記功能。 本文不再局限于從三個平面的視角去分析研究副詞,而是從信息標(biāo)記的角度對轉(zhuǎn)折副詞重新進行審視和考察,這一研究有助于從新的視角來認識轉(zhuǎn)折副詞,從而推進漢語副詞的研究。
[Abstract]:Based on the linguistic facts of Chinese, this paper takes a subclass of adverbs, turning adverbs, as the object of study, takes semantic analysis, text analysis, focus theory and marker theory as the guidance, and makes a comprehensive investigation of these words from the angle of information marking. The full text mainly from the following several aspects of this kind of words to carry out an analytical study. First, define the turning adverb and determine the object of study. At present, there is no uniform conclusion on the names of these adverbs, some call them commentary adverbs, others call them modal adverbs. On the basis of previous studies, this paper defines them as turning adverbs on the basis of the basic semantics of these words. Based on the interpretation of such words in modern Chinese dictionaries, this paper also finds out that the subjects of study are "counter", "instead", "reverse", "unexpectedly", "unfavorable", "inverted". "Yes" and "actually". Secondly, the semantics of turning adverbs as anti-expected information markers are analyzed and studied. First, we divide them into five groups according to their semantic relevance: "reverse / reverse", "unexpectedly / unexpectedly", "biased / biased", "upside down / yes" and "actually". Then, lexicographic interpretation and corpus analysis are used to screen these words to determine when they can be used as counter-expected information markers in discourse. Finally, the semantic background and semantic format of these words as anti-expected information markers are analyzed and described. We find that the semantic elements in the semantic format of turning adverbs do not appear completely. Some of them are implicit in sentences and accord with the principle of language economy. We believe that the basic semantics of a turning adverb is the precondition for it to act as an anti-expected information marker in the discourse. Thirdly, the pragmatic functions of turning adverbs as anti-expected information markers are analyzed. In the process of language communication, anti-anticipatory information markers have strong subjectivity in expressing meaning with the emotion of the speaker. In the text the position is more flexible, can undertake the foreshadowing function and the transfer function. We also study the focus and modality of turning adverbs. The characteristics of turning adverbs determine that the meaning of the utterances will be contrasted before and after, so as to mark the anti-expectation information. Therefore, the contrastive focus of anti-expectation information markers is more prominent, and the utterances led by them are the parts with the highest level of sentence information, which can express the reverse and unexpected states of the utterances. Fourthly, the paper analyzes the function of anti-anticipatory information of turning adverbs. First of all, through the specific linguistic facts, this paper analyzes the three specific types of anti-expected information embodied by turning adverbs as markers in the discourse, which are contrary to the speaker's expectations and opposite to the addressee's expectations. Contrary to expectations shared by a particular speech society. Then, the paper analyzes the marked function of anti-expected information markers from three levels, namely subjective level, communicative level and discourse level. This paper is no longer limited to analyzing and studying adverbs from the perspective of three planes, but reexamines and inspects turning adverbs from the angle of information marking, which is helpful to understand the adverbs from a new perspective. In order to promote the study of Chinese adverbs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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