【摘要】：以往的方言調(diào)查往往偏重調(diào)查行政中心城鎮(zhèn)，但邊遠(yuǎn)鄉(xiāng)村往往未能得到深入挖掘，而越是偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)方言往往越是保守，一些古老的語(yǔ)言面貌越是保存得多，具有很大的發(fā)掘價(jià)值，位于上海市嘉定區(qū)東北角的華亭鎮(zhèn)就屬于這樣的地區(qū)。就目前已公開(kāi)的調(diào)查資料看，離華亭最近的方言點(diǎn)是寶山的霜草墩和羅店，以及嘉定縣城，至今未見(jiàn)有關(guān)于嘉定華亭話(huà)的調(diào)查報(bào)告發(fā)表。于是筆者進(jìn)行了實(shí)地調(diào)查，采用TFW田野調(diào)查軟件進(jìn)行錄音記音，將采集回來(lái)的樣本使用TFD方言處理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行整理分析。 調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示：嘉定華亭話(huà)有27個(gè)聲母，45個(gè)韻母，6個(gè)聲調(diào)。其聲母具有塞音、塞擦音三分為清不送氣音、清送氣音和濁音的典型吳語(yǔ)特征，中古全濁聲母今仍讀濁音音值。韻母有元音韻母、鼻尾韻母、鼻化韻母、喉塞尾韻母四種，與中古音相比，鼻音韻尾只有一個(gè)?，入聲韻尾全都合并為一個(gè)?。從中古來(lái)源看，其6個(gè)聲調(diào)分別為陰平、陽(yáng)平、陰去、陽(yáng)去、陰入、陽(yáng)入，其陰平、陽(yáng)平、陰入、陽(yáng)入分別對(duì)應(yīng)于中古清聲母平聲字、濁聲母平聲字、清聲母入聲字、濁聲母入聲字，今陰去調(diào)包括中古的清聲母上聲字和清聲母去聲字，今陽(yáng)去調(diào)包括中古的濁聲母上聲字和濁聲母去聲字。 在聲韻母配合特點(diǎn)上，比較突出的是：唇音、齦音聲母和?聲母只拼u韻母而不與其他合口呼韻母相拼；硬腭音聲母不與任何合口呼韻母相拼；撮口呼韻母只有一個(gè)y，并且不與唇音、軟腭音聲母以及聲母th、d、n、h相拼。此外，嘉定華亭話(huà)大約160余字有文白異讀現(xiàn)象，文白兩音主要表現(xiàn)在聲韻母的差異上。與嘉定縣城方言相比，最突出的差別在于寒韻端系字在嘉定華亭話(huà)中有系統(tǒng)的文白異讀現(xiàn)象而在嘉定縣城話(huà)中無(wú)文白異讀。 在與外方言的音系比較中，嘉定華亭話(huà)與北京話(huà)差別較大。聲母方面與北京音基本為一對(duì)一關(guān)系的只有m-m和l-l，嘉定華亭話(huà)有一整套濁的塞音、塞擦音、擦音而北京話(huà)沒(méi)有，北京話(huà)大體以同部位的清音與之對(duì)應(yīng)。華亭的?、?h、s同時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)于北京的?、?h、s，t?、t?h、?和?、?h、?三組。韻母方面北京話(huà)的元音韻母既對(duì)應(yīng)于華亭話(huà)的元音韻母也對(duì)應(yīng)于喉塞韻。華亭話(huà)中有自成音節(jié)的鼻音而北京話(huà)沒(méi)有，，北京話(huà)有舌尖后元音?而華亭話(huà)沒(méi)有。此外，北京話(huà)的撮口呼種類(lèi)比華亭話(huà)豐富。聲調(diào)方面嘉定華亭話(huà)比北京話(huà)多兩個(gè)聲調(diào)，由于兩者從古至今的聲調(diào)分合規(guī)律不同，因而兩地間的聲調(diào)對(duì)應(yīng)規(guī)律較為復(fù)雜。相比之下，嘉定華亭話(huà)與嘉定縣城話(huà)的差別小很多，兩者聲母數(shù)量和類(lèi)別完全一致，聲調(diào)數(shù)量與調(diào)類(lèi)也相同，只是陰去調(diào)值不同，主要在韻母方面還存在一定的差別。
[Abstract]:In the past, dialect surveys tended to focus on investigating administrative centers and towns, but remote villages and villages often failed to be excavated in depth, and the more remote regional dialects tended to be more conservative, the more ancient language features were preserved. With great excavation value, located in Shanghai Jiading District northeast corner of the town of Huating belong to such an area. As far as the investigation materials that have been made public, the nearest dialect points to Huating are Frost Caodun and Luodian in Baoshan, as well as Jiading County Town. So far, no investigation report on Hua Ting dialect in Jiading has been published. So the author carried out a field investigation, used TFW field investigation software to record the sound, collected samples using the TFD dialect processing system to sort out and analyze. The results show that there are 27 initials, 45 vowels and 6 tones in Hua Ting dialect of Jiading. Its consonant has stop-tone, and the three kinds of syllable are divided into three types: the purging sound, the purging sound and the turbid sound, and the middle ancient total turbid consonant still reads the turbid sound value. Vowel, nasal caudal vowel, nasal vowel, larynx vowel, nasal vowel vow From the source of the middle ancient times, the six tones are Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Yin go, Yang go, Yin in, Yang in, and Yin Ping, Yang Ping, Yin in, and Yang in respectively corresponding to the Middle Ancient Qing consonant's flat sound character, the turbid consonant's flat sound word, the Qing consonant's entering sound, respectively. Turbid consonant enters the Chinese characters, which include the middle ancient Qing consonants and the Qing consonants, and the present yang tones include the middle ancient turbid consonants and the turbid consonants. In the characteristics of rhyme and mother, the more prominent are: lip, gingival consonant and? The consonants only spell the vowels and do not match with the other conjunctive vowels; the hard palate consonants do not match the vowels of any mouthfuls; the vowels of the chaps have only one yand do not match with the lips, the soft palate consonants and the consonants th,d,n,h. In addition, there are about 160 characters in Huating dialect of Jiading. Compared with the county town dialect of Jiading, the most outstanding difference is that there is a systematic reading phenomenon in the Chinese dialect of Jiading Huating, but there is no different reading in the county town dialect of Jiading. In comparison with other dialects, Jiading Huating dialect and Beijing dialect are quite different. Only m-m and l-l have a one-to-one relationship between consonant and Beijing sound, and Jiading Huating dialect has a whole set of turbid stop-tone, syllable, erasure, and not Beijing dialect, and the Beijing dialect generally corresponds to the clear sound of the same location. Huating's,? hu? s also correspond to Beijing's? And? Three groups. The vowel of Beijing dialect corresponds to the vowel and throat rhyme of Huating dialect. Huating dialect has its own syllable nasal sound and Beijing dialect does not have Beijing dialect has the vowel of the tip of the tongue? Huating does not. In addition, the variety of Beijing dialect is richer than Huating dialect. There are two more tones in Jiading Huating dialect than in Beijing dialect. Because of the difference of the two tones from ancient to present, the corresponding law of tones between the two places is more complicated. In contrast, the difference between Jiading Huating dialect and Jiading County Town dialect is much smaller, the number and category of their initials are identical, the number of tones is the same with the category of tones, but the value of Yin detonation is different, mainly in the aspect of vowels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H173

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