【摘要】：方位詞是人類認知世界必不可少的要素。在漢語和日語的語言表達中,方位詞出現(xiàn)頻率高,使用范圍廣,其語言功能不容忽視。日語的漢字傳承于漢語,經(jīng)過一千多年的發(fā)展,字義上與漢語出現(xiàn)了許多差異,所以日本學(xué)生習(xí)得方位詞“上”容易產(chǎn)生偏誤。 本文的偏誤語料來自北京語言大學(xué)的HSK留學(xué)生高等作文語料庫,部分日本學(xué)生的作文,以及部分論文中的偏誤語料。本文對漢語和日語中的方位詞“上”的對應(yīng)性與非對應(yīng)性進行研究,把日本學(xué)生習(xí)得漢語方位詞時“上”出現(xiàn)的偏誤情況作為研究對象,將偏誤分為方位詞的遺漏、方位詞的冗余、方位詞的替代等類型。然后通過分析找出了日本學(xué)生產(chǎn)生偏誤的原因,包括母語負遷移、目的語知識泛化、文化因素、學(xué)習(xí)策略和交際策略、教學(xué)誤導(dǎo)等方面。最后,在全面分析日本學(xué)生習(xí)得漢語方位詞“上”的特點和偏誤情況的基礎(chǔ)上對對外漢語教學(xué)中方位詞“上”提出教學(xué)策略,認為可以從同形詞的角度針對日本學(xué)生的特性來進行有效教學(xué),一是要減少母語負遷移對學(xué)生的影響,二是構(gòu)建同形詞的系統(tǒng)分析,三是加強漢日同形詞研究的深度,四是編寫專門的對日漢語詞匯教學(xué)教材。
[Abstract]:Orientation is an essential element of human cognition of the world. In the language expression of Chinese and Japanese, azimuth words appear frequently and have a wide range of use, so their language functions can not be ignored. Japanese Chinese characters are inherited from Chinese. After more than one thousand years of development, there are many differences between Chinese and Japanese characters, so Japanese students are prone to errors in the acquisition of locative words. The errors in this paper come from the HSK Advanced composition Corpus of Beijing language and language University, the composition of some Japanese students, and the bias corpus of some papers. This paper studies the correspondence and non-correspondence of Chinese and Japanese azimuth words, and takes the errors that occur when Japanese students acquire Chinese azimuth words as the object of study, and divides the errors into the omissions of locative words. The redundancy of azimuth words, the substitution of azimuth words, etc. Then the causes of errors in Japanese students are analyzed, including negative transfer of mother tongue, generalization of target language knowledge, cultural factors, learning strategies and communication strategies, teaching misleading and so on. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics and errors of Japanese students' acquisition of Chinese locative words, this paper puts forward the teaching strategy of locative words "Shang" in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. From the perspective of homomorphism, the author thinks that effective teaching can be carried out according to the characteristics of Japanese students. One is to reduce the influence of negative transfer of mother tongue on students, the other is to construct a systematic analysis of homographs, and third, to strengthen the depth of the research on homographs in China and Japan. Fourth, compile special teaching materials for Chinese vocabulary teaching to Japan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H195

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