【摘要】：隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言的飛速發(fā)展及其在社會(huì)文化各方面愈來(lái)愈大的影響力，，網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言研究也逐步成為社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究的重要領(lǐng)域。要認(rèn)識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界中這一新的語(yǔ)言形式，選擇怎樣的切入點(diǎn)便成為首要問(wèn)題。 模糊性是自然語(yǔ)言的本質(zhì)屬性，因而也是語(yǔ)言學(xué)所關(guān)注的研究對(duì)象之一。從模糊語(yǔ)言學(xué)的角度研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言具有可行性、創(chuàng)新性和必要性。 本文從社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)的視野，從不同層面和角度對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言模糊性的特征進(jìn)行了較全面的描述。全文研究主要集中在三個(gè)方面，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語(yǔ)言的生成機(jī)制、表現(xiàn)形式和功能意義。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言是自然語(yǔ)言的一種社會(huì)變體，既受到語(yǔ)言規(guī)則的制約，也受到交際原則和語(yǔ)用習(xí)慣的制約，形成語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用兩個(gè)層面的模糊。 以前人的研究為基礎(chǔ)，總結(jié)出模糊語(yǔ)言構(gòu)形的模式：首先是構(gòu)建階段---說(shuō)話者決定要傳達(dá)的語(yǔ)前意念或思想；其次是轉(zhuǎn)換階段---將意念或思想轉(zhuǎn)換成語(yǔ)言形式；然后是語(yǔ)前編輯階段---過(guò)濾不恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容,選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言形式，比如模糊的詞語(yǔ)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)及恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)音手段等；最后是表達(dá)階段---說(shuō)話者以選擇好的言語(yǔ)形式傳達(dá)信息。其中轉(zhuǎn)換階段和語(yǔ)前編輯階段是同步進(jìn)行的，而語(yǔ)前編輯階段是模糊語(yǔ)言生成的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)，在最后表達(dá)階段呈現(xiàn)是精確言語(yǔ)還是模糊言語(yǔ)，是語(yǔ)義模糊還是語(yǔ)用模糊都是由這一階段的活動(dòng)決定的。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)義模糊的形成機(jī)制既有與實(shí)體語(yǔ)言的相似性，又有差異性。兩者的差異性突出體現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言的變異性。不僅因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言的模糊性主要由語(yǔ)言的變異而形成，而且網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語(yǔ)言在詞匯、語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義、書(shū)寫(xiě)、語(yǔ)域、語(yǔ)體甚至語(yǔ)篇等各個(gè)層面體現(xiàn)出變異性。 語(yǔ)用模糊的形成則是一個(gè)復(fù)雜、動(dòng)態(tài)的交際過(guò)程，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中發(fā)話者和受話者相互作用相互影響，發(fā)話者為了有目的地表達(dá)隱含意義，亦或想表達(dá)禮貌與合作的態(tài)度以及有意識(shí)地表達(dá)一種言外之力或潛在意圖依據(jù)順應(yīng)原則選擇模糊語(yǔ)言；受話人則在感知話語(yǔ)意圖后，通過(guò)關(guān)聯(lián)假設(shè)和最佳關(guān)聯(lián)原則對(duì)話語(yǔ)作相應(yīng)的信息加工程序以達(dá)到最佳釋義。在實(shí)際交際過(guò)程中，發(fā)話者和受話者角色在不斷轉(zhuǎn)換，因此，交際雙方都會(huì)受到關(guān)聯(lián)原則和順應(yīng)性原則的制約。 語(yǔ)用模糊的動(dòng)態(tài)形成機(jī)制決定了語(yǔ)用模糊的類型是一個(gè)三維、立體的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)：從語(yǔ)用模糊形成階段看，語(yǔ)用模糊標(biāo)記為：模糊限制詞、語(yǔ)言的比喻性用法尤其是隱喻等等；從語(yǔ)用模糊的運(yùn)用階段看，語(yǔ)用模糊標(biāo)記為對(duì)合作原則、禮貌原則等語(yǔ)用原則的遵循、偏離或違背；從語(yǔ)用模糊的生效階段來(lái)看，語(yǔ)用模糊標(biāo)記為消極語(yǔ)用模糊和積極語(yǔ)用模糊。 從網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言模糊性的表現(xiàn)形式和功能來(lái)說(shuō)，模糊詞語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)義模糊的重要標(biāo)記，分為連續(xù)統(tǒng)模糊詞、范疇類模糊詞、評(píng)價(jià)類模糊詞和數(shù)量詞模糊詞。而量的模糊是最典型的語(yǔ)義模糊現(xiàn)象。語(yǔ)言的模糊量大略分為數(shù)量的模糊和程度量的模糊。數(shù)量的模糊包括數(shù)值形式模糊量、復(fù)數(shù)模糊量和非數(shù)值形式模糊量；而程度量的模糊包括程度副詞的模糊表量和形容詞的模糊表量。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言中模糊量的使用頻率高于實(shí)體語(yǔ)言，因而表現(xiàn)出更加明顯的模糊性。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)用模糊也有其獨(dú)特表現(xiàn)。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際特殊的語(yǔ)境因素，使得各類社會(huì)制約因素在網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)用模糊的形成過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生不同的影響。語(yǔ)言經(jīng)濟(jì)性是影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際的首要原則，并從語(yǔ)言形成階段造成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)用模糊；網(wǎng)民的心理因素、群體行為特征、性別差異、思維定勢(shì)等特點(diǎn)從語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用階段造成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)用模糊；而網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際生效階段形成的語(yǔ)用模糊根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交際者的交際意圖和語(yǔ)后效能分為積極語(yǔ)用模糊和消極語(yǔ)用模糊。因而，網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)用模糊表現(xiàn)出娛樂(lè)性、含蓄性、幽默性等特殊語(yǔ)用功能。 無(wú)論是網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)義模糊還是語(yǔ)用模糊現(xiàn)象都與網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)境有著密切關(guān)系：網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語(yǔ)依賴于語(yǔ)境實(shí)現(xiàn)從形式到意義的轉(zhuǎn)換，一方面，網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)境成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成潛勢(shì)，另一方面，網(wǎng)絡(luò)模糊語(yǔ)言依賴于語(yǔ)境才能得到理解。 對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言模糊意義的理解，不僅依賴于語(yǔ)境，還要借助語(yǔ)言學(xué)和語(yǔ)用學(xué)規(guī)則的推導(dǎo)，修辭三段論就是推導(dǎo)模糊寓義的一個(gè)重要模式。在具體語(yǔ)境中表面無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)的話語(yǔ)往往蘊(yùn)涵著載有寓義的修辭三段論，這是言語(yǔ)交際中語(yǔ)用模糊語(yǔ)句不會(huì)引起交際失誤并且能夠順利達(dá)成交際目的的原因。 總之，該研究運(yùn)用定性和定量的研究方法，從社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)視角對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)語(yǔ)言的模糊性進(jìn)行探索，希望能借此引起更多研究者對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的關(guān)注，促進(jìn)對(duì)這一問(wèn)題更加深入的思考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of network language and its influence on various aspects of social culture, the research of network language gradually becomes an important field of social linguistics research. In order to understand this new form of language in the network world, how to choose the entry point becomes the primary problem. The fuzziness is the essential attribute of natural language, so it is also the research object of linguistics. One. It is feasible, innovative and necessary to study the network language from the perspective of fuzzy linguistics. In this paper, from the perspective of sociolinguistics, the characteristics of the fuzziness of the network language are compared from different levels and angles. The research of the whole text mainly focuses on three aspects, namely, the generation mechanism and expression of the network fuzzy language. The network language is a kind of social variant of natural language, which is restricted by linguistic rules, and is restricted by communicative principles and pragmatic habits. Two levels of ambiguity. Based on previous studies, the pattern of fuzzy language configuration is summed up: the first is the construction phase--the speaker determines the pre-language idea or thought to be conveyed; secondly, the conversion stage--converts the idea or idea into a language form; then the pre-language editing stage.--filtering out inappropriate content, selecting appropriate language forms, such as vague terms, sentence structures, and appropriate speech means, etc.; and finally, an expression stage--speaker to select The pre-speech editing phase is the key node of the fuzzy language generation, and the pre-speech editing phase is the key node of the fuzzy language generation. It is decided by the activity of this stage. The formation mechanism of the semantic ambiguity of the network language is not only the same as that of The similarity between the language of the entity and the difference. It is not only because the fuzziness of the network language is mainly formed by the variation of language, but also the fuzzy language of the network is in terms of vocabulary, grammar, semantics, writing, language domain and writing style. The formation of pragmatic ambiguity is a complex and dynamic communication process, and the speaker and the speaker interact with each other in this process. In response, the speaker expresses the implied meaning for the destination, or expresses the attitude of politeness and cooperation, and consciously expresses the force or potential intention outside a speech according to the principle of compliance A fuzzy language; a recipient, after perception of the intention of a discourse, communicates discourse with the hypothesis of association and the principle of best association. In the process of actual communication, the characters of the speaker and the callee are changing constantly, therefore, the two sides communicate with each other The dynamic forming mechanism of pragmatic fuzzy decides that the type of pragmatic fuzzy is a three-dimensional and three-dimensional complex system: from the stage of pragmatic fuzzy formation, the pragmatic fuzzy mark is: the fuzzy logic words, the figurative use of the language. The method is especially metaphor and so on; from the pragmatic fuzzy application stage, the pragmatic fuzzy mark is the follow, deviation or breach of pragmatic principles such as cooperation principle, politeness principle and so on; from the effective stage of pragmatic ambiguity, Pragmatic ambiguity is a passive pragmatic ambiguity and a positive pragmatic ambiguity. In terms of the representation and function of fuzziness in the network language, the fuzzy word is an important mark of semantic ambiguity, which is divided into continuous model. paste words, category fuzzy words, evaluation fuzzy words and The fuzzy word of quantifier. The fuzzy of quantity is the most typical semantic ambiguity phenomenon. The fuzzy quantity of language is roughly divided into the number of fuzzy and the degree of fuzzy. The number of fuzzy includes numerical form fuzzy quantity, complex fuzzy quantity and non-numerical form fuzzy quantity; and degree quantity The blur includes the amount of fuzzy table of degree adverb and the amount of fuzzy table of adjective. According to statistics, the fuzzy quantity in network language the frequency is higher than the entity language and thus exhibits a higher frequency than the physical language, The network language pragmatic fuzzy also has its unique performance. Because of the special context factor of the network communication, it makes all kinds of society The restrictive factors exert different influences in the process of the formation of the pragmatic fuzzy of the network language. The language economy is the primary principle that affects the communication of the network, and the pragmatic ambiguity of the network language is caused from the stage of language formation; the psychological factors, the group behavior character and the gender difference of the Internet users, The characteristics of thinking fixed potential have caused the pragmatic ambiguity of the network language from the language application stage, and the pragmatic ambiguity formed during the effective phase of the network communication is based on the network communication. The communicative intention and post-language efficacy of the person are divided into positive pragmatic ambiguity and negative pragmatic ambiguity. Language ambiguity shows the special pragmatic functions such as entertainment, implication, humor, etc. Both the semantic bleness of the network language and the pragmatic fuzzy phenomenon are closely related to the network context: the fuzzy language of the network depends on the context to realize the form-to-meaning. Transition, on the one hand, the network context becomes the network fuzzy On the other hand, the fuzzy language of the network depends on the context, which is not only dependent on context, but also by means of language. In the derivation of the rules of pragmatics and pragmatics, the rhetorical syllogism is an important mode for the derivation of the ambiguity. In summary, the study uses qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the fuzziness of network language from the perspective of social linguistics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H0-05

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