理想化認(rèn)知模型視角下的搭橋參照現(xiàn)象
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-23 19:52
【摘要】：搭橋參照(Bridging Reference)作為一種特殊的回指現(xiàn)象,近幾十年受到學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注和研究。語言學(xué)界對(duì)此語言現(xiàn)象持有不同的看法,大家眾說紛紜,以至于到現(xiàn)在還沒有形成連貫統(tǒng)一的認(rèn)識(shí)。作為語篇連貫的重要手段,搭橋參照的研究也被其他學(xué)科廣泛關(guān)注,心理學(xué)視角下的研究就是例證。搭橋參照是回指現(xiàn)象的一個(gè)分支,不少學(xué)者已經(jīng)選擇各種理論,從不同的角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行了闡釋,且涉及語用學(xué),心理學(xué),認(rèn)知語言學(xué)等領(lǐng)域,但這些理論優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)不一,因而在闡釋搭橋假設(shè)方面具有不同程度的局限性。 搭橋參照和回指現(xiàn)象有所不同,是指話語中照應(yīng)語(referent)同先行語(antecedent)之間沒有直接聯(lián)系的一種特殊的參照形式。到目前為止,對(duì)搭橋參照的研究模式不盡相同,且其中最有影響力的研究模式主要有：新舊契約論(Given-New Contract),話題/焦點(diǎn)模式(Topic/Focus Model),情景模式(Scenario-based Model)以及關(guān)聯(lián)模式(Relevance Model)。然而在具體的搭橋參照釋義過程中,上述幾種模式都有或多或少的問題存在,例如怎樣在眾多待選回指激活項(xiàng)中如何選取最佳激活項(xiàng),或過分強(qiáng)調(diào)常規(guī)關(guān)系等等�；诖�,本文從認(rèn)知科學(xué)的角度,旨在研究英語對(duì)話和篇章中搭橋參照現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)知機(jī)制。 認(rèn)知語言學(xué)是一門“以人為本”的語言理論,是基于我們對(duì)世界的經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及我們對(duì)世界感知和概念化的方法來研究語言的。認(rèn)知語言學(xué)認(rèn)為語言與人的身體經(jīng)驗(yàn)和認(rèn)知有密切的聯(lián)系,語言能力是人類認(rèn)知能力的重要組成部分,而語言的出現(xiàn)和進(jìn)化又會(huì)反過來促進(jìn)了人類認(rèn)知的發(fā)展。20世紀(jì)80年代,語言學(xué)家Lakoff提出了理想化認(rèn)知模型理論(Idealized Cognitive Model,簡稱ICM),用來解釋認(rèn)知語言學(xué)中個(gè)十分重要的概念,即人類的范疇化問題,包括語義范疇和概念化的問題。根據(jù)他的理論,ICM是指在特定文化背景下,說話人對(duì)其中的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的抽象的,理想化的描述,且是建立在許多認(rèn)知模型上的復(fù)雜的,統(tǒng)一的完形結(jié)構(gòu)(a gestalt),其主要運(yùn)用四種原則建構(gòu)起來：命題結(jié)構(gòu)原則,意象圖式原則,隱喻映射原則和轉(zhuǎn)喻映射原則。本篇論文就是在ICM理論框架下,通過系統(tǒng)描述ICM理論的四種原則來闡釋搭橋參照現(xiàn)象。 理想化認(rèn)知模型是人類最重要的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu),且此前很少有學(xué)者運(yùn)用ICM理論解釋搭橋參照現(xiàn)象。實(shí)際上作者認(rèn)為ICM具有強(qiáng)大的解釋力,能夠更好地詮釋搭橋參照。因此,本篇文章根據(jù)語篇中照應(yīng)語和先行詞的語義關(guān)系,將搭橋參照分為五類,分別為上下義關(guān)系,包含關(guān)系,行動(dòng)-結(jié)果關(guān)系,整體-部分關(guān)系以及物體-成分關(guān)系,并運(yùn)用ICM理論的四原則分別舉例闡釋。此外,本文還將ICM解釋方法和圖景理論相比較,并在ICM理論的多樣性和理想性彌補(bǔ)圖景理論不足方面做了嘗試性探究。
[Abstract]:As a special anaphora phenomenon, bypass reference (Bridging Reference) has been widely studied by scholars in recent decades. The linguists hold different views on this linguistic phenomenon, and there are different opinions, so far there is no coherent understanding. As an important means of discourse coherence, the study of bridging reference has been widely concerned by other disciplines, as exemplified from the perspective of psychology. Bypass reference is a branch of anaphora phenomenon. Many scholars have chosen various theories to explain them from different angles, and they involve the fields of pragmatics, psychology, cognitive linguistics and so on, but these theories have different advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, there are some limitations in interpreting bypass hypothesis. The phenomenon of bridge reference and anaphora is different from that of anaphora, which means that there is no direct connection between anaphora (referent) and antecedent (antecedent) in discourse. So far, the research models of the bridge reference are different, and the most influential research models are: Given-New Contract), topic / focus Model (Scenario-based Model) and relevance Model (Relevance Model). The main research models are: Given-New Contract), topic / focus Model (Scenario-based Model) and relevance Model (Relevance Model).), among which the most influential research models are: Given-New Contract), topic / focus Model (Scenario-based Model) and relevance Model (Relevance Model). However, in the process of bridge bypass reference interpretation, there are more or less problems in the above models, such as how to select the best activation item among the many selected anaphora activation items, or how to emphasize the conventional relationship too much, and so on. From the perspective of cognitive science, this paper aims to study the cognitive mechanism of English dialogue and bridging reference phenomenon in English discourse. Cognitive linguistics is a "people-oriented" language theory, which is based on our experience of the world and our perception and conceptualization of the world. Cognitive linguistics holds that language is closely related to human body experience and cognition. Language competence is an important part of human cognitive ability, and the emergence and evolution of language will in turn promote the development of human cognition. Lakoff, a linguist, put forward an idealized cognitive model theory called ICM), which is used to explain a very important concept in cognitive linguistics, that is, the categorization of human beings, including semantic categorization and conceptualization. According to his theory, ICM is an abstract, idealized description of the knowledge and experience of the speaker in a particular cultural context, and is complex based on many cognitive models. The unified Gestalt structure (a gestalt),) is constructed according to four principles: propositional structure principle, image schema principle, metaphorical mapping principle and metonymy mapping principle. Under the framework of ICM theory, this paper systematically describes the four principles of ICM theory to explain the phenomenon of bypass reference. Idealized cognitive model is the most important cognitive structure of human beings, and few scholars used ICM theory to explain the phenomenon of bridging reference. In fact, the author thinks that ICM has strong explanatory power and can better interpret bypass reference. Therefore, according to the semantic relationship between anaphora and anaphora in the text, this paper divides the bridging reference into five categories, namely, the upper and lower semantic relationship, the action-result relationship, the whole-part relationship and the object-component relationship. The four principles of ICM theory are illustrated with examples. In addition, this paper compares the ICM interpretation method with the map theory, and makes a tentative study on the diversity and ideality of the ICM theory to make up for the deficiency of the picture theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H030
本文編號(hào)：2290304
[Abstract]:As a special anaphora phenomenon, bypass reference (Bridging Reference) has been widely studied by scholars in recent decades. The linguists hold different views on this linguistic phenomenon, and there are different opinions, so far there is no coherent understanding. As an important means of discourse coherence, the study of bridging reference has been widely concerned by other disciplines, as exemplified from the perspective of psychology. Bypass reference is a branch of anaphora phenomenon. Many scholars have chosen various theories to explain them from different angles, and they involve the fields of pragmatics, psychology, cognitive linguistics and so on, but these theories have different advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, there are some limitations in interpreting bypass hypothesis. The phenomenon of bridge reference and anaphora is different from that of anaphora, which means that there is no direct connection between anaphora (referent) and antecedent (antecedent) in discourse. So far, the research models of the bridge reference are different, and the most influential research models are: Given-New Contract), topic / focus Model (Scenario-based Model) and relevance Model (Relevance Model). The main research models are: Given-New Contract), topic / focus Model (Scenario-based Model) and relevance Model (Relevance Model).), among which the most influential research models are: Given-New Contract), topic / focus Model (Scenario-based Model) and relevance Model (Relevance Model). However, in the process of bridge bypass reference interpretation, there are more or less problems in the above models, such as how to select the best activation item among the many selected anaphora activation items, or how to emphasize the conventional relationship too much, and so on. From the perspective of cognitive science, this paper aims to study the cognitive mechanism of English dialogue and bridging reference phenomenon in English discourse. Cognitive linguistics is a "people-oriented" language theory, which is based on our experience of the world and our perception and conceptualization of the world. Cognitive linguistics holds that language is closely related to human body experience and cognition. Language competence is an important part of human cognitive ability, and the emergence and evolution of language will in turn promote the development of human cognition. Lakoff, a linguist, put forward an idealized cognitive model theory called ICM), which is used to explain a very important concept in cognitive linguistics, that is, the categorization of human beings, including semantic categorization and conceptualization. According to his theory, ICM is an abstract, idealized description of the knowledge and experience of the speaker in a particular cultural context, and is complex based on many cognitive models. The unified Gestalt structure (a gestalt),) is constructed according to four principles: propositional structure principle, image schema principle, metaphorical mapping principle and metonymy mapping principle. Under the framework of ICM theory, this paper systematically describes the four principles of ICM theory to explain the phenomenon of bypass reference. Idealized cognitive model is the most important cognitive structure of human beings, and few scholars used ICM theory to explain the phenomenon of bridging reference. In fact, the author thinks that ICM has strong explanatory power and can better interpret bypass reference. Therefore, according to the semantic relationship between anaphora and anaphora in the text, this paper divides the bridging reference into five categories, namely, the upper and lower semantic relationship, the action-result relationship, the whole-part relationship and the object-component relationship. The four principles of ICM theory are illustrated with examples. In addition, this paper compares the ICM interpretation method with the map theory, and makes a tentative study on the diversity and ideality of the ICM theory to make up for the deficiency of the picture theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H030
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