【摘要】：語音學(xué)和語言學(xué)是兩個相交的學(xué)科,這個交集在語音學(xué)科中叫"語言語音學(xué)",在語言學(xué)中叫"音法學(xué)"。本文把作者近年來在這方面的研究綜合起來,提出一個完整的理論框架和工作取向。音法學(xué)以實驗的手段,研究跟語言有關(guān)的發(fā)音性質(zhì),語音的組織、分布和演化問題。音法學(xué)的基本單位是音節(jié),基本范疇包括發(fā)聲和音段。它們在音節(jié)學(xué)中對應(yīng)音節(jié)線形和非線形成份。音段分類有單一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和合取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。元音描寫的方法過去是模糊的舌位,現(xiàn)在改用聲學(xué)參數(shù)。發(fā)聲活動有四大類:發(fā)聲態(tài)、次發(fā)聲態(tài)、超發(fā)聲態(tài)、類發(fā)聲。發(fā)聲態(tài)分六類,次發(fā)聲態(tài)有十三種,超發(fā)聲態(tài)有兩類,類發(fā)聲有兩種。六類發(fā)聲態(tài)可以定義三層聲域,這三層聲域加上四度音高構(gòu)成一個新的分域四度標(biāo)調(diào)制。在這個綜合語音學(xué)理論框架中,世界語言的音法類型可以分為兩大類:調(diào)音型和發(fā)聲型。調(diào)音型語言的音節(jié)中線性成份組合豐富。發(fā)聲型則有復(fù)雜的發(fā)聲活動,引發(fā)復(fù)雜的非線性成份組合,包括聲域、聲調(diào)、長短。本文還綜述了近年來演化音法學(xué)中的多項大發(fā)現(xiàn),包括聲調(diào)起因于發(fā)聲態(tài)、古濁音(全濁和次濁)的弛聲性質(zhì)及后續(xù)演化、兩種"濁音清化"(帶聲-清不送-內(nèi)爆音音變?nèi)?弛聲-清送對轉(zhuǎn)鏈)、入聲演化的途徑。
[Abstract]:Phonetics and linguistics are two intersecting disciplines, which are called phonetics in phonetics and phonology in linguistics. This paper synthesizes the author's research in this field in recent years and puts forward a complete theoretical framework and work orientation. Phonology studies phonetic properties, phonetic organization, distribution and evolution of speech by experimental means. The basic unit of phonology is syllable, and the basic categories include phonation and segmenting. They correspond to both linear and non-linear components of syllables in syllables. There is a single standard and standard for segmental classification. Vowel description used to be vague tongue position, now use acoustic parameters. There are four kinds of vocal activity: vocal state, secondary vocal state, supervocal state, and type sound. There are six kinds of vocal states, thirteen kinds of secondary vocalizations, two kinds of hyper-vocalizations and two kinds of class vocalizations. Six kinds of sound states can define three layers of sound domain, and the three layers of sound domain plus four degrees of pitch constitute a new domain four degree scale modulation. In this framework of comprehensive phonetics, the phonetic types of world languages can be divided into two categories: tone type and phonetic type. The syllable of tone language is rich in the combination of linear components. The vocal type has complex vocal activity, leading to complex nonlinear composition, including sound range, tone, length. This paper also summarizes several major findings in evolutional phonology in recent years, including the phonetic state, the relaxation sound properties and subsequent evolution of paleo-turbid sound (total turbid and secondary turbid), and two kinds of "voice-clearing" (acousto-clear non-transmission-implosion ring). Relaxation sound-clear to the opposite of the chain), into the sound evolution of the way.
【作者單位】： 香港科技大學(xué)人文學(xué)部;
【基金】：香港研資局General Research Fund(HKUST644509) 香港科技大學(xué)DAG(S08/09.HSS07)
【分類號】：H01

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