【摘要】：與其它語義范疇相比，漢語學(xué)界對(duì)目的范疇的研究還不夠全面、不夠深入。本文在功能語法學(xué)的理論框架下，選取現(xiàn)代漢語目的范疇中的四個(gè)專題進(jìn)行研究。研究目標(biāo)是對(duì)目的范疇研究中的傳統(tǒng)問題提出一些新的看法，尤其是對(duì)前人沒有專門探討過的一些問題加以關(guān)注，力圖揭示出相關(guān)語法現(xiàn)象背后的規(guī)律和機(jī)制，以深化語法學(xué)界對(duì)漢語目的范疇的認(rèn)識(shí)。除緒論和結(jié)論外，本文具體包括以下四個(gè)部分： 一、目的范疇的語義基礎(chǔ)與語法形式 目的范疇建立的語義基礎(chǔ)表現(xiàn)為意圖性、“行為-目的”關(guān)系、事件狀態(tài)的變化和非現(xiàn)實(shí)這四個(gè)基本語義特征。這些語義特征也是判別一個(gè)句子或結(jié)構(gòu)是否為目的小句的基準(zhǔn)�，F(xiàn)代漢語目的范疇的句法表達(dá)形式包括目的復(fù)句，帶有目的標(biāo)記的單句，無標(biāo)記目的表達(dá)式和“V+目的賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)等四種類型，它們?cè)谀康恼Z義表達(dá)的原型性上形成了一個(gè)連續(xù)統(tǒng)。 二、目的標(biāo)記的形成模式及其類型學(xué)特征 人類語言的語法化既有強(qiáng)烈的共性傾向，也有不同的類型變異。在以歷時(shí)語言學(xué)的視角討論現(xiàn)代漢語目的小句連接標(biāo)記的語源概念和演變路徑的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)這些目的標(biāo)記的形成模式加以跨語言的審視，，可以看到漢語目的標(biāo)記的語法化演變所體現(xiàn)出的人類語言的共性特征以及漢語自身的類型特征。 三、目的小句語序模式的認(rèn)知理據(jù) 現(xiàn)代漢語中目的小句有前置與后置兩種共存的語序模式。已有的研究都難以對(duì)此作出合理的解釋�；趯�(duì)“行為-目的”關(guān)系心理表征方式的考察，可以看到意圖和目的這對(duì)概念對(duì)漢語目的范疇的研究至關(guān)重要。它們之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系不僅是目的小句語序模式確立的理據(jù)，同時(shí)也是目的標(biāo)記系統(tǒng)形成的理據(jù)。 四、目的小句主語的隱現(xiàn)及其制約因素 現(xiàn)代漢語中，目的小句主語的隱現(xiàn)在根本上是語境和句法等多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。通常情況下目的小句的主語是選擇性出現(xiàn)的，但有時(shí)卻是強(qiáng)制性隱去的。主語的選擇性出現(xiàn)與語境的濾補(bǔ)功能有關(guān)。主語的強(qiáng)制性隱去則受到了句法因素的制約。
[Abstract]:Compared with other semantic categories, the study of target category in Chinese language is not comprehensive and deep enough. Under the theoretical framework of functional grammar, this paper studies four topics in the category of modern Chinese. The aim of the study is to put forward some new views on the traditional problems in the study of target category, especially to pay close attention to some problems which have not been specially explored by the predecessors, in order to reveal the rules and mechanisms behind the relevant grammatical phenomena. In order to deepen the understanding of grammatical circles on the category of Chinese purpose. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper includes the following four parts: first, the semantic basis of the objective category and the grammatical form of the purpose category are expressed as intention and the relationship between "behavior and purpose". The change of event state and the non-reality are the four basic semantic features. These semantic features are also the basis for judging whether a sentence or structure is a clause of purpose. The syntactic expressions of the target category in modern Chinese include four types: the purpose complex sentence, the single sentence with the purpose marker, the unmarked object expression and the "V purpose object" structure. They form a continuum in the prototyping of the semantic expression of purpose. Second, the formation mode and typological characteristics of target markers have strong common tendency and different types of variation in grammaticalization of human languages. On the basis of discussing the etymological concept and evolution path of the connective markers of target clauses in modern Chinese from the perspective of diachronic linguistics, this paper makes a cross-linguistic examination of the formation mode of these target markers. It can be seen that the grammaticalization evolution of Chinese target marks embodies the common features of human language and the type characteristics of Chinese itself. Third, the cognitive motivation of the word order model of the teleological clause in modern Chinese, there are two kinds of word order patterns: the preposition and the postposition in the Skopos. It is difficult to make a reasonable explanation for all the existing studies. Based on the investigation of the psychological representation of behavioral-teleological relationship, we can see that intention and purpose are very important to the study of Chinese target category. The differences and connections between them are not only the motivation for the establishment of the word order model of the purpose clause, but also the motivation for the formation of the purpose marker system. Fourthly, the concealment of the subject of the purpose clause and its restrictive factors in modern Chinese are basically the result of the combined effect of various factors such as context and syntax. In general, the subject of the purpose clause is selective, but sometimes it is mandatory. The selective appearance of the subject is related to the function of the filter and complement of the context. The compulsory concealment of subject is restricted by syntactic factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王鳳蘭;現(xiàn)代漢語目的范疇研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2008年

本文編號(hào)：2258793