現(xiàn)代漢語主賓互易句研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-18 15:57
【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語主賓互易句是現(xiàn)代漢語語法體系中較為特殊的一種句法語義現(xiàn)象,其基本特征是句子的主語和賓語可以互換位置而句子的邏輯真值義卻基本保持不變。如：“兩個人騎一匹馬←→一匹馬騎兩個人”、“北京是中國的首都←→中國的首都是北京”等等。這類句子句例龐雜、類型復(fù)雜,從二十世紀(jì)五十年代至今,語法學(xué)者們對其性質(zhì)、類型進(jìn)行了描寫分析,對其互易的動因進(jìn)行了探討闡釋。但是現(xiàn)代漢語主賓互易句的研究中仍然存在著分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一,動因闡釋不系統(tǒng),專題性文章較少等問題,這些無疑都為我們今后的研究留下了廣闊的空間。 全文共分為五個部分,具體如下： 第一部分概述了現(xiàn)代漢語主賓互易句的研究情況,界定了本文的研究對象,以及研究過程中需要注意的問題。 第二部分結(jié)合前人的分類研究,歸納出本文研究的現(xiàn)代漢語主賓互易句的七個基本類型：供用義主賓互易句、附著義主賓互易句、存現(xiàn)義主賓互易句、混合義主賓互易句、結(jié)果義主賓互易句、等值義主賓互易句、相向義主賓互易句。并對前人分類研究中的命名不統(tǒng)一和用例疊加等問題給出較為合理的解釋。 第三部分具體分析現(xiàn)代漢語主賓互易句的七個基本類型,就影響主賓互易的句法、語義條件進(jìn)行討論,并對比形成主賓互易的A式和B式在句法、語義、語用方面的差異,在句法方面,主要考察句子成分與結(jié)構(gòu)方式、層次切分兩個方面；在語義方面,主要考察NPl和NP2語義角色的關(guān)系、A式和B式的句式意義兩個方面；在語用方面,主要考察主題與焦點、情感與風(fēng)格兩個方面。在討論差異的基礎(chǔ)上提出日常交際及行文寫作中的三個選擇角度：根據(jù)敘述角度選擇,根據(jù)認(rèn)知程序選擇,根據(jù)上下文的銜接和照應(yīng)選擇。 第四部分分析現(xiàn)代漢語主賓互易句的形成原因。本文擬從漢語本體原因和認(rèn)知原因兩個方面進(jìn)行闡釋,以期做出比較全面、系統(tǒng)的解釋。語言的復(fù)雜性及漢語語序的特點為現(xiàn)代漢語主賓互易句的存在提供了可能性,而主賓互易句式本身所具有的特殊性也是主賓互易實現(xiàn)的重要原因；在認(rèn)知上,基于句式上對稱性的語義關(guān)系和靜態(tài)場景性的狀態(tài)義,使人們在認(rèn)知選擇上具有雙向性,同一個客觀圖景經(jīng)過不同的認(rèn)知選擇程序生成不同的主觀意象,主觀意向的不同直接造成語言結(jié)構(gòu)形式的差異。 第五部分為結(jié)語,總結(jié)概括全文的主要研究內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Subject-object reciprocal sentence is a special syntactic and semantic phenomenon in modern Chinese grammar system. Its basic feature is that the subject and object of the sentence can exchange positions but the meaning of the logical truth value of the sentence remains basically unchanged. For example: "two people ride one horse and one horse on two people", "Beijing is the capital of China and China's capital is Beijing" and so on. Since the 1950s, the grammatical scholars have described and analyzed the nature and types of sentences and explained the causes of their mutual exchange. However, there are still some problems in the study of subject and object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, such as the disunity of classification standards, the unsystematic explanation of motivation and the lack of special articles, which undoubtedly leave a wide space for our future research. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part summarizes the research situation of the subject and object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, defines the research object of this paper, and the problems that should be paid attention to in the course of the research. In the second part, based on the previous classification, we conclude seven basic types of modern Chinese subject and object reciprocal sentences, which are as follows: for use, for object and subject, for each other, for existing, for, and for mixed meaning, subject, object, and object. Results semantic principal object reciprocal sentence, equivalent semantic principal object reciprocal sentence, reciprocal main object reciprocal sentence. A reasonable explanation is given to the problems of naming inconsistency and use case superposition in previous classification research. The third part concretely analyzes seven basic types of subject-object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, discusses the syntactic and semantic conditions that affect subject-object reciprocity, and compares the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic differences between A-type and B-type. In the aspect of syntax, we mainly investigate the sentence composition and the structural mode, and the hierarchical segmentation. In the semantic aspect, we mainly study the relationship between the semantic roles of NPl and NP2 and the two aspects of the sentence meaning of type A and type B, and in the aspect of pragmatics, we mainly study the relationship between the semantic roles of NPl and NP2. Mainly examines the theme and the focal point, the emotion and the style two aspects. On the basis of the discussion of differences, this paper puts forward three angles of choice in daily communication and writing: according to narrative, according to cognitive process, and according to context cohesion and anaphora. The fourth part analyzes the formation reasons of the subject-object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese. This paper is intended to explain Chinese Noumenon and Cognitive causes in order to make a more comprehensive and systematic explanation. The complexity of language and the characteristics of Chinese word order provide the possibility for the existence of subject-object reciprocal sentence in modern Chinese, and the particularity of subject-object reciprocal sentence itself is also an important reason for the realization of subject-object reciprocal. Based on the symmetrical semantic relation in sentence structure and the state meaning of static scene, people have bidirectional cognitive choice, and different subjective images are generated from the same objective picture through different cognitive selection procedures. The difference of subjective intention directly causes the difference of language structure form. The fifth part is the conclusion, summarizes the main research content of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146.3
[Abstract]:Subject-object reciprocal sentence is a special syntactic and semantic phenomenon in modern Chinese grammar system. Its basic feature is that the subject and object of the sentence can exchange positions but the meaning of the logical truth value of the sentence remains basically unchanged. For example: "two people ride one horse and one horse on two people", "Beijing is the capital of China and China's capital is Beijing" and so on. Since the 1950s, the grammatical scholars have described and analyzed the nature and types of sentences and explained the causes of their mutual exchange. However, there are still some problems in the study of subject and object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, such as the disunity of classification standards, the unsystematic explanation of motivation and the lack of special articles, which undoubtedly leave a wide space for our future research. The paper is divided into five parts: the first part summarizes the research situation of the subject and object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, defines the research object of this paper, and the problems that should be paid attention to in the course of the research. In the second part, based on the previous classification, we conclude seven basic types of modern Chinese subject and object reciprocal sentences, which are as follows: for use, for object and subject, for each other, for existing, for, and for mixed meaning, subject, object, and object. Results semantic principal object reciprocal sentence, equivalent semantic principal object reciprocal sentence, reciprocal main object reciprocal sentence. A reasonable explanation is given to the problems of naming inconsistency and use case superposition in previous classification research. The third part concretely analyzes seven basic types of subject-object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese, discusses the syntactic and semantic conditions that affect subject-object reciprocity, and compares the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic differences between A-type and B-type. In the aspect of syntax, we mainly investigate the sentence composition and the structural mode, and the hierarchical segmentation. In the semantic aspect, we mainly study the relationship between the semantic roles of NPl and NP2 and the two aspects of the sentence meaning of type A and type B, and in the aspect of pragmatics, we mainly study the relationship between the semantic roles of NPl and NP2. Mainly examines the theme and the focal point, the emotion and the style two aspects. On the basis of the discussion of differences, this paper puts forward three angles of choice in daily communication and writing: according to narrative, according to cognitive process, and according to context cohesion and anaphora. The fourth part analyzes the formation reasons of the subject-object reciprocal sentences in modern Chinese. This paper is intended to explain Chinese Noumenon and Cognitive causes in order to make a more comprehensive and systematic explanation. The complexity of language and the characteristics of Chinese word order provide the possibility for the existence of subject-object reciprocal sentence in modern Chinese, and the particularity of subject-object reciprocal sentence itself is also an important reason for the realization of subject-object reciprocal. Based on the symmetrical semantic relation in sentence structure and the state meaning of static scene, people have bidirectional cognitive choice, and different subjective images are generated from the same objective picture through different cognitive selection procedures. The difference of subjective intention directly causes the difference of language structure form. The fifth part is the conclusion, summarizes the main research content of the full text.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146.3
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 鹿榮;;原型供用句句法可逆的語義制約[J];北方論叢;2010年05期
2 倪e，
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