【摘要】：對(duì)通指的研究始于20世紀(jì)70年代，迄今為止尚無統(tǒng)一定論。語言學(xué)研究主流為邏輯與結(jié)構(gòu)形式語義分析，因忽視概念與思維之間的關(guān)系，無法從本質(zhì)上解釋反例容忍現(xiàn)象，本文試以認(rèn)知理論為基礎(chǔ)研究此問題；漢語中有兩大非典型名詞性通指表現(xiàn)形式：“這+BCN”和“一量名”構(gòu)式，相關(guān)討論較零碎，有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋性研究；目前關(guān)于通指句的句法-語義限制分析甚少，本文試在這方面做出一定努力。 在層級(jí)假設(shè)和主觀化理論框架下，本文主要得出了如下三方面結(jié)論：1）特征類通指句反例容忍現(xiàn)象是層級(jí)心理模型觸發(fā)認(rèn)知推理過程造成的結(jié)果，合意模型的選擇由整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)知域決定，反例本質(zhì)上與“數(shù)量”無關(guān)；2）通指性“這”源自指示詞“這”的“認(rèn)同用”和“情境用”，話題義極明顯，主要用于強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人主觀信念與態(tài)度，語法化過程中伴隨明顯的情感與認(rèn)知主觀化；通指性“一”適用于針對(duì)個(gè)體宣揚(yáng)普遍道理的語境，命題意義較BCN弱，主觀性更強(qiáng)，通指一量名構(gòu)式對(duì)名詞生命度的要求及其與通指測(cè)試框架的不兼容性決定了其分布廣度不如通指性“這”，從而否定了之前關(guān)于漢語通指最基本表現(xiàn)形式的共識(shí)；3）句法-語義分析方面主要涉及主謂語指稱意義匹配問題，其中動(dòng)作性動(dòng)詞由于發(fā)生了主觀化，指稱意義降低，，因此可與通指性成分匹配，由于動(dòng)詞對(duì)論元的約束力下降，整個(gè)句子形態(tài)變化減少。 本文所采用的認(rèn)知研究方法從根本上解釋了反例容忍這一難題；對(duì)通指性“這”和“一”的理據(jù)闡釋及句法-語義限制的分析從單純的描寫性分析上升到了解釋性研究層面。
[Abstract]:The study of generic finger began in the 1970 s, and there is no unified conclusion. The mainstream of linguistic research is the semantic analysis of logic and structural form, but it is impossible to explain counterexample tolerance in essence because of neglecting the relationship between concepts and thinking. This paper attempts to study this problem on the basis of cognitive theory. There are two kinds of atypical generic expressions in Chinese: "this BCN" and "one quantity name" construction, which are discussed in a piecemeal way, so it is necessary to make an explanatory study on them. At present, there are very few syntactic and semantic restrictions on syntactic and semantic constraints of generic sentences. This paper tries to make some efforts in this respect. Under the framework of hierarchical hypothesis and subjectivization theory, this paper mainly draws the following three conclusions: 1) the counterexample tolerance of the generic sentence of characteristic class is the result of cognitive reasoning triggered by the hierarchical psychological model. The choice of consensus model is decided by the whole cognitive domain of sentence structure. The counterexample is essentially independent of "quantity" and "2) generality", which "comes from the demonstrative word" identity "and" situational use ". The topic meaning is very obvious. It is mainly used to emphasize personal subjective belief and attitude, accompanied by obvious emotion and cognitive subjectivity in the process of grammaticalization, the generality "one" is applicable to the context where the individual preaches universal truth, the propositional meaning is weaker than BCN, and the subjectivity is stronger. The incompatibility between the generality and the test frame of generality determines that the scope of its distribution is inferior to that of the generic, thus negating the previous consensus on the most basic forms of expression of Chinese generic nomenclature; 3) syntactic and semantic analysis mainly deals with the matching of the referential meaning of the subject predicate, in which the action verb can match with the generic component because of the subjectivization and the decrease of the referential meaning, and the binding force of the verb on the argument decreases. The change of the whole sentence form is reduced. The cognitive research method used in this paper fundamentally explains the problem of counterexample tolerance, and the explanation of the rationale of "this" and "I" of generality and the analysis of syntactic and semantic restrictions from simple descriptive analysis to interpretative study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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