【摘要】：麥克盧漢主義(McLuhanism)是法國學(xué)界用來概括媒介理論家馬歇爾·麥克盧漢及相關(guān)學(xué)派學(xué)術(shù)思想的特有術(shù)語；語言哲學(xué)是關(guān)于“語言”的哲學(xué)思考；麥克盧漢主義語言哲學(xué)是指歐美麥克盧漢學(xué)派關(guān)于“語言”媒介的本質(zhì)屬性和社會功能的哲學(xué)反思,這種反思的終極目標,其一在于探究“語言”媒介的自然屬性和社會屬性,其二在于透過“語言”媒介與人類的自然關(guān)系來探究“語言”媒介中所體現(xiàn)出來的人與人、人與媒介之間所蘊含的社會關(guān)系。本文研究的麥克盧漢主義語言哲學(xué)是指歐美麥克盧漢學(xué)派關(guān)于“語言”媒介在本體論、認識論、價值論和進化論四個維度上構(gòu)建的形而上學(xué)體系。與一般的“語言哲學(xué)”相比,麥克盧漢主義語言哲學(xué)有其獨特的研究對象和范疇：即以“語言”媒介與人類及人類社會的關(guān)系為研究對象,進而在“本體論”層面探討人類與“語言”本源之間的關(guān)系；在“認識論”層面探討“語言”對人類認知的功能和作用；在“價值論”層面探討“語言”的價值屬性和意義構(gòu)成；在“進化論”層面探討“語言”的進化歷程。由此可見,這“四論”也是麥克盧漢主義語言哲學(xué)框架體系中的四個最基本的哲學(xué)范疇。 (一)麥克盧漢主義語言本體論。麥克盧漢主義語言本體論的核心觀點是：在“互動延伸”的相互關(guān)系中,“語言”媒介與人類分別確立了各自的存在方式和本質(zhì)構(gòu)成。在馬歇爾·麥克盧漢的經(jīng)典命題“媒介是人的延伸”的基礎(chǔ)上,媒介與人的“互動延伸”一直是歐美麥克盧漢學(xué)派深入考察和探求的問題,而“語言”作為所有媒介的源頭、媒介形態(tài)的典型代表,它與人之間的關(guān)系從麥克盧漢的研究開始已經(jīng)占據(jù)了重要位置,在此基礎(chǔ)上,本論文提出了“語言與人的互動延伸”這一命題,以期通過梳理麥克盧漢學(xué)派對“語言”這一“元媒介”的剖析,充分展示該學(xué)派掩藏在媒介背后的對人的本質(zhì)問題的理論關(guān)懷,同時也希望有助于“語言哲學(xué)”體系的建構(gòu)。 (二)麥克盧漢主義語言認識論。認識論討論的主題是“如何認知本原”,“如何認知”則必然要借助“認知工具”,而作為人類認知能力延伸的“語言”媒介自然首當其沖。麥克盧漢主義語言認識論探討的正是在人類歷史長河中,“認知主體”如何借助“認知工具”——“語言”媒介——完成對“認知客體”的認知使命,以及在此過程中這一“認知工具”又是如何發(fā)揮作用的。這部分將從各階段“語言”媒介不同的形態(tài)(分為言語媒介、書面媒介、電子媒介)著手,探析各階段人的認知能力和思考方式,從而反映出“語言”這一“認知工具”發(fā)揮作用的原因及其產(chǎn)生的影響。但同時需要注意的是,由于該語言認識論中也隱含著麥克盧漢式“媒介決定論”的意味,因而它在突出“語言”媒介對“認知主體”認知能力的決定作用時,淡化了“認知主體”本身的主觀能動性。 (三)麥克盧漢主義語言價值論。價值論主要探究的是被考察對象能否以及如何滿足主體的需求,并在此過程中進一步探究被考察對象的價值屬性和意義構(gòu)成；麥克盧漢主義語言價值論即以此為基石,探究“語言”媒介如何滿足人類認知的需要以及在此過程中所蘊含的“語言”媒介的價值屬性和意義構(gòu)成。具體來說,麥克盧漢主義語言價值論是關(guān)于“語言”媒介的功能性價值定位的哲學(xué)學(xué)說,該價值論主要包括語言媒介的政治價值、文化價值和認識價值三個方面的內(nèi)容。因此,本部分將從“語言”媒介對個人、國家及社會的作用和意義入手,考察和評價“語言”媒介對人類及整個人類社會所具有的政治性、文化性、認識性的功能意義和價值效用。 (四)麥克盧漢主義語言進化論。進化論原本是生物學(xué)上一套用以闡釋生物親代與子代間變異現(xiàn)象的理論,而實際上,媒介形態(tài)的演進也是進化的一種表現(xiàn)。該部分將進化論的對象設(shè)定為媒介演進中的典型——“語言”媒介,以期通過對“語言”媒介每個發(fā)展階段的剖析來展示“語言”媒介的整個進化歷程。麥克盧漢主義語言進化論的核心觀點是：“語言”是媒介技術(shù)進化的源頭,甚至可以說語言是“媒介的媒介”,是“元媒介”；“語言”的形態(tài)有“有聲語言”(“言語”)和“有形語言”(“文字”),這兩者可以說是一切媒介的內(nèi)容,也就是說“語言”的進化存在于語言出現(xiàn)之后的一切媒介之中——從書籍到電腦、從廣播電視到超文本、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等等�？梢�,語言是一切媒介的內(nèi)容,是“媒介的媒介”,這也正是進化論的集中體現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:McLuhanism is a special term used by French scholars to generalize the academic thoughts of Marshall McLuhan, a media theorist, and other related schools; philosophy of language is a philosophical reflection on "language"; philosophy of language refers to the essential nature and society of the "language" medium of the Macluhan School in Europe and America. The ultimate goal of functional philosophical reflection is to explore the natural and social attributes of "language" media, and to explore the social relations between people, people and media embodied in "language" media through the natural relationship between "language" media and human beings. Luhanism linguistic philosophy refers to the metaphysical system constructed by Macluhan School in Europe and America on the four dimensions of ontology, epistemology, axiology and evolutionism. Compared with general linguistic philosophy, Macluhanism linguistic philosophy has its own unique research object and category: language medium and evolution. The relationship between human beings and human society is the research object, and then the relationship between human beings and the origin of "language" is explored at the level of "ontology"; the function and function of "language" to human cognition is explored at the level of "epistemology"; the value attribute and meaning constitution of "language" is explored at the level of "axiology"; and the evolution theory is discussed. From this, we can see that these four theories are also the four most basic philosophical categories in the framework of McLuhanism's linguistic philosophy.
(1) Macluhanism Language Ontology. The core viewpoint of Macluhanism Language Ontology is that in the mutual relationship of "interactive extension", the "language" medium and human beings have established their respective modes of existence and essential composition respectively. Interactive Extension with Man has always been a problem studied and explored by McLuhan School in Europe and America. Language, as the source of all media and the typical representative of media form, has occupied an important position in the relationship between Man and Language since the beginning of McLuhan's study. On this basis, this paper puts forward "Language and Man's Interaction". The proposition of "dynamic extension" is expected to fully demonstrate the theoretical concern of the school for human nature hidden behind the media through the analysis of "language" by McLuhan School, and to contribute to the construction of the "philosophy of language" system.
(2) Macluhanism linguistic epistemology. The theme of epistemology is "how to recognize the primitive", "how to recognize" is bound to resort to "cognitive tools", and as an extension of human cognitive ability, "language" media is naturally the first to bear the brunt. How does the cognitive subject accomplish the cognitive mission of "cognitive object" by means of "cognitive tool"--the "language" medium, and how does this "cognitive tool" play its role in the process? This paper explores the cognitive abilities and ways of thinking of people at various stages, thus reflecting the reasons for the function of "language" as a "cognitive tool" and its influence. The cognitive role of cognitive subject determines the subjective initiative of the cognitive subject itself.
(3) Macluhanism linguistic axiology. The axiology mainly explores whether and how the subject can satisfy the needs of the subject, and further explores the value attributes and meaning composition of the subject in the process. Macluhanism linguistic axiology takes this as the cornerstone to explore how the medium of "language" meets the human recognition. To be specific, McLuhanism's linguistic axiology is a philosophical doctrine about the functional value orientation of "linguistic" media, which mainly includes three aspects: the political value, cultural value and cognitive value of linguistic media. Therefore, this part will start with the role and significance of "language" media to individuals, countries and societies, and examine and evaluate the political, cultural, cognitive function and value utility of "language" media to human beings and the whole human society.
(4) Macluhanism Language Evolution, originally a set of biological theories to explain the variation between biological parents and offspring, but in fact, the evolution of media morphology is also a manifestation of evolution. The core of McLuhanism's linguistic evolutionism is that language is the source of the evolution of media technology, and it can even be said that language is "the medium of media" and "meta-media". The form of "language" is "sound language". "Language" ("speech") and "tangible language" ("text"), both of which can be said to be the content of all media, that is, the evolution of "language" exists in all media after the emergence of language - from books to computers, from radio and television to hypertext, the Internet and so on. This is also the embodiment of the theory of evolution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H0-05

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