發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 19:33

【摘要】：漢語中有多種否定方式，其中使用頻率最高、最典型的是用否定詞“不”和“沒”構(gòu)成各種否定結(jié)構(gòu)。“不”和“沒”在分布和使用上存在著互補(bǔ)情況，其本質(zhì)特點(diǎn)和區(qū)別對于漢語研究和對外漢語教學(xué)都具有極其重要的意義。本文以“不”和“沒”與現(xiàn)代漢語動詞的否定搭配情況為主要考察對象，總結(jié)歸納“不”和“沒”在否定動詞時的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，并試圖在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步分析“不”和“沒”的本質(zhì)使用區(qū)別，最終得出以下結(jié)論：具有[+靜態(tài)]、[+可控]、[-實(shí)現(xiàn)]、[-變化]的語義特征的動詞一般情況下只能被“不”否定，不能被“沒”否定，但是可以進(jìn)入“沒V過”的格式中；具有[+靜態(tài)]、[-可控]、[-實(shí)現(xiàn)]、[-變化]語義特征的動詞只能被“不”否定；具有[-靜態(tài)]、[-可控]、[+實(shí)現(xiàn)]、[+變化]語義特征的詞只能被“沒”否定。而具有[-靜態(tài)]、[+可控]、[±實(shí)現(xiàn)]、[±變化]動詞既可以被“不”否定，又可以被“沒”否定。 既可以被“不”直接否定，又可以被“沒”直接否定的動詞進(jìn)入了句子層面，有了具體的語境時，敘述者的主客觀角度和句子外部的時間性共同影響對“不”和“沒”的選擇。句中動詞具有[+主觀][±實(shí)現(xiàn)]語義特征的，用“不”否定，具有[-主觀][+實(shí)現(xiàn)]語義特征的用“沒”否定。 本文共分為五個部分。第一章緒論，首先介紹了開展本課題研究的意義、價值以及研究方法和語料來源。 第二章是介紹和評析本課題研究現(xiàn)狀，并對其中影響較大、流傳較廣的觀點(diǎn)的主客觀制約論和時間制約論的說法詳細(xì)加以討論分析。 第三章在搜集、歸納、分析語料的基礎(chǔ)上，，考察“不”和“沒”在語言中的分布情況，并初步加以歸納和總結(jié)，得出“不”和“沒”與各種詞類相搭配時呈現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律。 第四章為搭配考察部分，我們將在本章選取孟琮等人編寫的《漢語動詞用法詞典》一書，以其中所收錄的動詞為對象，考察其與與否定詞“不”和“沒”的搭配情況，根據(jù)一定的考察格式，以能否被“不”和“沒”直接否定和能被其中哪一個否定為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將動詞初步分為四類。 第五章將在分析過程中得出全文的最終結(jié)論，總結(jié)歸納出我們在上一章考察過程中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些動詞與“不”和“沒”搭配的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，并根據(jù)最終的分類結(jié)果，對各類動詞的語義特征加以分析，概括出關(guān)于“不”和“沒”的較簡明且具有較強(qiáng)實(shí)用性的區(qū)別特征，并在“不”和“沒”與形容詞的搭配中印證此觀點(diǎn)，最終服務(wù)于對外漢語教學(xué)。
[Abstract]:There are many ways of negation in Chinese, among which the most frequently used are the negative structures which are composed of the negative words "no" and "no". "Bu" and "Wu" are complementary in distribution and use, and their essential characteristics and differences are of great significance to the study of Chinese and the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. Based on the negative collocation of "no" and "Wu" with modern Chinese verbs, this paper summarizes the characteristics and rules of "no" and "no" in negative verbs. And attempts to further analyze the essential difference between "no" and "no" on the basis of previous research results. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn: verbs with the semantic characteristics of [static], [controllable], [-realized], [-change] can only be negated by "no", can not be negated by "no", but can enter the format of "no V pass"; Verbs with [static], [- controllable], [- realization], [- change] semantic features can only be negated by "no"; words with [- static], [- controllable], [implementation], [change] semantic characteristics can only be negated by "no". The verb with [- static], [controllable], [鹵realization], [鹵change] can be either negated by "no" or "negated" by "no". Not only can it be directly negated by "no", but it can also be directly negated by the verb "not" into the sentence level. When there is a specific context, the subjective and objective angles of the narrator and the temporal nature of the external sentence together influence the choice of "no" and "no". If the verb in a sentence has the semantic feature of [subjective] [鹵realization], it is negated by "no" and "no" when it has the semantic feature of [-subjective] [realization]. This paper is divided into five parts. The first chapter introduces the significance, value, method and source of the research. The second chapter is to introduce and comment on the present research situation of this subject, and to discuss and analyze in detail the theories of subjective and objective constraints and time constraints, which have a great influence and are widely spread. Based on the collection, induction and analysis of the corpus, the third chapter investigates the distribution of "no" and "no" in the language, and preliminarily concludes and summarizes the characteristics and rules of "no" and "no" when they are matched with various parts of speech. The fourth chapter is the collocation investigation part. In this chapter, we will choose the dictionary of the usage of Chinese verbs written by Meng Cong and others, take the verbs included therein as the object, and examine its collocation with the negative words "no" and "no". According to a certain investigation format, the verbs are divided into four categories according to whether they can be directly negated by "no" or "not" and which one of them can be negated. The fifth chapter will draw the final conclusion of the full text in the process of analysis, summarize and sum up the characteristics and rules of some verbs collocation with "no" and "no" which we found in the course of investigation in the last chapter, and according to the final classification result, This paper analyzes the semantic characteristics of various verbs, generalizes the more concise and practical distinguishing features of "no" and "no", and confirms this view in the collocation of "no" and "no" with adjectives. Finally, it serves the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 龍倩;;淺談否定副詞“不”和“沒”[J];安徽文學(xué)(下半月);2010年05期

2 吳艷;“不”與“沒”的比較研究[J];渝西學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2005年02期

3 單寶順;肖玲;;非自主動詞的自主用法[J];淮北煤炭師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2009年01期

4 聶仁發(fā);否定詞“不”與“沒有”的語義特征及其時間意義[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);2001年01期

5 李鐵根;不"、"沒(有)"的用法及其所受的時間制約[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);2003年02期

6 沈庶英;關(guān)于不能接否定賓語的動詞[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);2003年05期

7 史錫堯;“不”否定的對象和“不”的位置──兼談“不”、副詞“沒”的語用區(qū)別[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);1995年01期

8 李鐵根;“了、著、過”呈現(xiàn)相對時功能的幾種用法[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);1999年02期

9 黃樂;;副詞“不”、“沒(有)”與動詞搭配的不對稱研究[J];湖州師范學(xué)院學(xué)報;2009年04期

10 鄭紅明;現(xiàn)代漢語否定句略論[J];江蘇教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);1996年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 管春林;漢英否定對比研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前8條

1 萬瑩;否定副詞“不”和“沒（有）”的比較研究[D];華中師范大學(xué);2001年

2 璩銀吉;現(xiàn)代漢語否定副詞“不”和“沒有”[D];華南師范大學(xué);2002年

3 郝雷紅;現(xiàn)代漢語否定副詞研究[D];首都師范大學(xué);2003年

4 何山燕;泰國學(xué)生漢語常用否定結(jié)構(gòu)使用情況調(diào)查及研究[D];云南師范大學(xué);2004年

5 龐真姬;漢語否定詞“不”和“沒”與韓國語對比及其教學(xué)[D];華東師范大學(xué);2006年

6 劉同貴;從動詞的時間性看“不”和“沒”的區(qū)別[D];東北師范大學(xué);2008年

7 葛宏偉;現(xiàn)代漢語否定焦點(diǎn)研究[D];南京師范大學(xué);2008年

8 張喜芹;漢語語用否定研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2009年

本文編號：2178028