【摘要】：時間副詞是現(xiàn)代漢語副詞中一個較大的次類,根據(jù)陸儉明、馬真(1999：98)的研究,“現(xiàn)代漢語中的時間副詞約有130個左右,幾乎占整個副詞的30%”。時間副詞的基本用途是修飾限制動詞、形容詞,表示事情、動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生、變化、持續(xù)的時間；此外,有的時間副詞還可以修飾名詞、數(shù)量短語或整個句子。對于任何一種語言來說,時間概念都是非常重要的一種范疇,但是不同的語言時間意義表達的手段不同。在印歐語系諸語言中,時、體變化一般都是通過動詞的屈折形式來表示的,而漢語作為一種分析性的語言,其“時間”表達的手段是多種多樣的,主要有四種：時間名詞、時間副詞、動態(tài)助詞和事態(tài)語氣詞,在具體的話語中,這四種時間表達方式既可以單獨使用,也可以聯(lián)合使用。其中,時間副詞作為現(xiàn)代漢語中一種非常重要的時間表達方式,除了表達時間意義以外,有時還會起到完句或者關(guān)聯(lián)的作用。本文主要是根據(jù)三個平面理論,對時間副詞在句子中的隱現(xiàn)情況及其制約因素進行研究。在系統(tǒng)地考察了一部分比較常用的時間副詞之后,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)時間副詞的隱現(xiàn)可以分為三種情況：一是時間副詞必現(xiàn),即如果時間副詞隱去,句子就不能成立；二是時間副詞可隱可現(xiàn),即時間副詞出現(xiàn)或不出現(xiàn)對于句子的表達和理解基本上沒有影響；三是時間副詞隱現(xiàn)有別,即時間副詞的出現(xiàn)或不出現(xiàn)會使句子發(fā)生某些變化。造成這三種情況的原因,既有句法平面的,也語義、語用平面的,在句子中,具體時間副詞的隱現(xiàn)經(jīng)常是多種因素制約的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Temporal adverbs are a large subclass of modern Chinese adverbs. According to the study of Lu Jianming and Ma Zhen (1999: 98), "there are about 130 adverbs in modern Chinese, accounting for almost 30% of the total adverbs". The basic use of time adverbs is to modify and restrict verbs, adjectives, indicating things, actions, or states to occur, change, and last. In addition, some time adverbs can also modify nouns, quantitative phrases, or the whole sentence. For any language, the concept of time is a very important category, but different languages have different means of expressing the meaning of time. In Indo-European languages, aspect changes are generally represented by the inflection of verbs, while Chinese, as an analytical language, has a variety of means of expressing "time", mainly in four ways: temporal nouns. Temporal adverbs, dynamic auxiliaries and state of affairs modal words, in specific discourse, these four temporal expressions can be used either alone or in combination. Temporal adverbs, as a very important way of expressing time in modern Chinese, sometimes play the role of complete sentence or relevance besides expressing the meaning of time. Based on the theory of three planes, this paper studies the concealment of temporal adverbs in sentences and its restrictive factors. After a systematic investigation of some commonly used time adverbs, we find that the invisibility of time adverbs can be divided into three situations: first, time adverbs must appear, that is, if the time adverbs are hidden, the sentences cannot hold; The second is that time adverbs can be implicit, that is, the appearance or absence of time adverbs has no effect on the expression and understanding of sentences; third, time adverbs appear differently, that is, the appearance or absence of time adverbs will cause some changes in sentences. The causes of these three cases are syntactic plane, semantic plane and pragmatic plane. In sentences, the concealment of specific time adverbs is often the result of many factors.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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