【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代漢語中，副詞“倒”是一個極有特色的詞語，它是人們準(zhǔn)確、形象、生動地傳遞信息、表達(dá)情感的不可或缺的重要手段之一。目前有關(guān)副詞“倒”的研究成果頗多，且涉及面較廣，但也存在一些問題。本文在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，從副詞“倒”的基本語法意義、焦點敏感特性以及“倒”字句的組句模式三方面對副詞“倒”做了進(jìn)一步的考察。 第一部分概要介紹研究背景、范圍、方法、意義，語料選取原則，以及全文結(jié)構(gòu)等。 第二部分主要探討了副詞“倒”的基本語法意義。借助于副詞“倒”的語義框架對其基本語法意義進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)解讀，發(fā)現(xiàn)其意義實現(xiàn)過程與預(yù)設(shè)密不可分，并且是分兩個步驟完成的：首先是否定，對預(yù)設(shè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行否定；然后是對比，實際結(jié)果與預(yù)設(shè)結(jié)果之間的對比。副詞“倒”的特殊表達(dá)效果正是在這種否定與對比中體現(xiàn)出來的。在對不合法句子的分析過程中，得出了兩條使用副詞“倒”的一般規(guī)則R_1、R_2。 第三部分對副詞“倒”與焦點之間的關(guān)系做了相關(guān)研究。副詞“倒”是一個對焦點敏感的算子，，按照與之關(guān)聯(lián)的焦點的不同類別，可以將其分為對比焦點敏感算子“倒1”和話題焦點敏感算子“倒2”。通過對焦點敏感算子“倒”的分析，本章增加了另一條使用副詞“倒”的一般規(guī)則R3，作為對規(guī)則R_1、R_2的補(bǔ)充，并對這三條規(guī)則的使用做了簡單說明。 第四部分對“倒”字句的組句模式進(jìn)行了考察。副詞“倒”的語義功能多在句內(nèi)就能實現(xiàn)，跨句形式所占比例較少。這與近義詞的存在及組句模式的特點有關(guān)。“倒”字句的組句模式主要有三種：①“B倒C”系列；②“B_1C_1，B_2倒C2”系列；③“B_1倒C_1，D”系列。其中模式①所占比例最大，這一模式分布特點可以在經(jīng)典作品中得到驗證�！暗埂弊志涞慕M句模式與主觀性之間也存在著一定的聯(lián)系，在對外漢語教學(xué)中可以據(jù)此由易向難過渡。 最后是余論，對全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，概括本文得出的主要結(jié)論；從兩方面說明了在本研究基礎(chǔ)上可做的延伸探索，并進(jìn)行了初步探析。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, the adverb "inverted" is a very special word. It is one of the most important means for people to convey information and express emotion accurately, vividly and vividly. At present, there are a lot of research achievements on adverbs "inverted", which involve a wide range of areas, but there are also some problems. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a further study of the adverb "inverted" from the following three aspects: the basic grammatical meaning of the adverb "inverted", the characteristics of focus sensitivity and the pattern of sentence formation of "inverted" sentence. The first part briefly introduces the research background, scope, method, significance, principles of corpus selection, and the structure of the full text. The second part mainly discusses the basic grammatical meaning of adverb pour. With the help of the semantic framework of the adverb "inverted", the author interprets its basic grammatical meaning in detail, and finds that the realization process of its meaning is inseparable from the presupposition and is completed in two steps: first, negate, negate the presupposition result; Then there is the contrast, the comparison between the actual result and the preset result. The special expression effect of adverb "inverted" is reflected in this negation and contrast. In the process of analyzing illegal sentences, two general rules of using adverb "inverted" are drawn. The third part studies the relationship between the adverb "inverted" and the focus. The adverb "inverted" is a focus-sensitive operator, which can be divided into contrastive focus sensitive operator "inverted 1" and topic focus sensitive operator "inverted 2" according to the different types of focus associated with it. Based on the analysis of the focus sensitive operator "inverted", another general rule R3 using the adverb "inverted" is added in this chapter as a supplement to rule R1and R2, and the use of these three rules is briefly explained. The fourth part investigates the pattern of sentence formation. The semantic function of adverb "inverted" can be realized in the sentence, and the cross-sentence form occupies a small proportion. This is related to the existence of synonyms and the characteristics of sentence patterns. There are mainly three kinds of sentence pattern of "inverted" sentence: 1: 1 "B / C" series / 2 "B1C _ 1 / BSP _ 2" series "B _ 1 / C _ 1 / D" series. Mode 1 accounts for the largest proportion, which can be verified in classical works. There is also a certain connection between the mode of sentence formation and subjectivity of the sentence "inverted", which can be used to make a transition from easy to difficult in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Finally, it summarizes the full text, summarizes the main conclusions of this paper, illustrates the possible extension and exploration on the basis of this study from two aspects, and makes a preliminary analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146.2

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