【摘要】：本文選擇了“反正、好歹、早晚”三個反義對立式語氣副詞作為主要研究對象,考察這類詞不同于其他語氣副詞的個性特征。結合前人研究成果,本文認為反義對立式語氣副詞的形成是漢語語用心理機制和語法化機制雙重作用的結果。語法構式則對其語義內涵的形成起決定性作用。本文發(fā)現(xiàn)反義對立式語氣副詞具有如下特點： 若將復句分成相關項和結論項兩部分,反義對立式語氣副詞一般出現(xiàn)在結論項中。它們所在的復句表層結構與深層語義可能不一致,但從深層語義來說反義對立式語氣副詞一般都表示“雖然情況不同但結果沒有改變”。 反義對立式語氣副詞一般可以充當高謂語,具有排他性總結功能,從傳情角度而言一般表達說話人主觀肯定的態(tài)度。從傳信角度來說,反義對立式語氣副詞一方面能夠觸發(fā)預設,提起舊信息,另一方面又提示話題焦點,使已知信息重新得到關注或進一步的強調。 反義對立式語氣副詞所處的句子一般復句占優(yōu)勢,其句法位置較為靈活,但又會受到語境的影響和制約。它們與語篇關系十分密切,可以在語篇層起承上啟下的作用,并傳達說話人豐富的主觀感受。從這個角度而言,反義對立式語氣副詞是脫離了內部句法層面,而處于句子外部的情態(tài)層及語篇層的。從語體結構而言,反義對立式語氣副詞的典型語體是口語,口語化是反義對立式語氣副詞的典型特征。 反義對立式語氣副詞在二語習得過程中的偏誤主要是誤用、冗余、搭配不當、成分缺失等六種。結合對現(xiàn)有對外漢語教材的研究,本文對今后反義對立式語氣副詞在教材中的編排提出了重新定位難度等級,解釋必須有針對性以及分散教學和典型示例等三大建議,希望對今后的漢語學習者和教材研究者都能有所裨益。
[Abstract]:This paper chooses "anyway, somehow, sooner or later" three antisense mood adverbs as the main research object, and investigates the personality characteristics of these words which are different from other mood adverbs. Based on the previous research results, this paper argues that the formation of antisense mood adverbs is the result of the dual functions of Chinese pragmatic psychological mechanism and grammaticalization mechanism. Grammatical construction plays a decisive role in the formation of its semantic connotation. This paper finds that antisense antithetical mood adverbs have the following characteristics: if the complex sentence is divided into two parts: related items and conclusion items, antisense mood adverbs generally appear in the conclusion items. The surface structure of their complex sentences may not be consistent with the deep semantic meaning, but the antisense antithetical modal adverbs generally mean that "although the situation is different, the result has not changed". Antisense antithetical mood adverbs can generally serve as high predicates with exclusive summing up function and generally express the speaker's attitude of subjective affirmation from the point of view of transmission of emotion. On the one hand antisense modal adverbs can trigger presupposition and bring up old information on the other hand it also indicates the focus of the topic so that the known information can be refocused or further emphasized. The syntactic position of antisense mood adverbs is more flexible, but it is influenced and restricted by context. They are closely related to the text and can serve as a link between the top and the bottom of the discourse and convey the speaker's rich subjective feelings. From this point of view, antisense mood adverbs are separated from the internal syntactic level and lie in the modal and discourse levels outside the sentence. In terms of stylistic structure, the typical style of antisense mood adverbs is spoken language, and colloquialization is a typical feature of antisense mood adverbs. The errors of antisense mood adverbs in second language acquisition are mainly misuse, redundancy, improper collocation and missing components. Combined with the research on the existing textbooks of Chinese as a foreign language, this paper puts forward three suggestions on the arrangement of antisense mood adverbs in the teaching material, such as the difficulty level of repositioning, the necessity of pertinence, the dispersion of teaching and the typical examples. It is hoped that it will benefit both Chinese learners and textbook researchers in the future.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H195

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相關期刊論文 前1條

1 閆文文;;也說“好歹”的語法化[J];安徽文學(下半月);2009年08期

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本文編號：2138476