本文選題：基本詞匯 + 單音詞��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：唐代是詞匯史發(fā)展的重要時(shí)期,上承中古,下啟近代,傳承詞和新生詞都很多,類型多樣。論文以《漢語大詞典》(以下簡稱《詞典》)中收錄的首例為唐代文獻(xiàn)的詞為采集范圍,通過對(duì)其進(jìn)行檢索排查,建立唐代新詞語料庫；根據(jù)唐代文獻(xiàn)補(bǔ)充相關(guān)新詞,以〖〗習(xí)標(biāo)識(shí)。在這個(gè)研究范圍內(nèi),從意義、形式上描述唐代新詞語的基本面貌。全文分七章,另有緒論和結(jié)語。 緒論介紹唐代新詞語的研究意義、現(xiàn)狀、內(nèi)容和方法,交待語料來源和使用情況。唐代新詞語研究是漢語史的重要組成部分,也是斷代詞匯研究不同于專書詞匯研究的新方法。目前唐代詞匯研究多集中在微觀領(lǐng)域,宏觀研究成果尚未出現(xiàn)。論文通過對(duì)唐代新詞進(jìn)行分義類、分音節(jié)形式、分詞類、分結(jié)構(gòu)、分語義關(guān)系的有序調(diào)查,歸納唐代詞匯的特點(diǎn)。唐代成語相當(dāng)于詞,列于最后一章。 第一章是唐代類義詞。從詞義入手,尋找新詞的系統(tǒng)性。根據(jù)唐代社會(huì)特點(diǎn),選擇具有社會(huì)時(shí)代特征的九個(gè)領(lǐng)域——政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、教育、科舉、文化、思想、科技、社會(huì)生活,類聚各領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的相關(guān)詞,在社會(huì)歷史原因中研究詞匯產(chǎn)生機(jī)制及系統(tǒng)。 第二章是唐代基本詞匯。唐代產(chǎn)生的、與基本社會(huì)生活直接相關(guān)、意義簡單明確、并普遍延用到近現(xiàn)代漢語的詞是唐代基本詞匯,分十四類。在社會(huì)與詞匯的互動(dòng)中,發(fā)現(xiàn)基本詞匯的本質(zhì)及體系。 第三章是唐代單音詞�？偨Y(jié)唐代新單音詞特點(diǎn)、產(chǎn)生原因、產(chǎn)生方式,包括以義造詞、以音造詞、同源造詞、詞素轉(zhuǎn)化成詞四種。同源詞包括詞根同源、同族同源兩類。 第四章是唐代雙音節(jié)非復(fù)合詞,包括連綿詞、疊音詞、重疊詞和附加詞。前三類可歸為語音造詞：連綿詞通過語音回環(huán)連綴成詞；疊音詞和重疊詞通過音節(jié)重疊構(gòu)詞；附加詞是通過附加詞綴造成雙音詞。不過漢語自身音節(jié)簡單短小,缺乏豐富的專用詞綴,致使這類語音和形態(tài)構(gòu)詞方式先天不良,能產(chǎn)性相對(duì)有限。 第五章是唐代雙音復(fù)合詞,通過語法-語義組合構(gòu)詞。前五節(jié)分別分析特殊名詞、普通名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞及代詞、副詞、連詞的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、語義關(guān)系。名詞最多,約占6/10,以定中式最多,其次是并列式；構(gòu)成詞素以名名式最多,語義關(guān)系最復(fù)雜,其次是形名式、動(dòng)名式等。動(dòng)詞約占3/10,以并列式最多,其次為述賓式、狀中式、主謂式和補(bǔ)充式；語義關(guān)系以述賓式最復(fù)雜。形容詞約占1/10,以并列式為主,約占88%,以詞素相關(guān)并列最多,其次為主謂式、偏正式。副詞18個(gè),連詞16個(gè),代詞12個(gè),數(shù)量相對(duì)不多。第六節(jié)抽樣調(diào)查了初、盛、中、晚各100個(gè)詞,討論其語音結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)現(xiàn)有16種聲調(diào)搭配方式,以同調(diào)式(平平、上上、去去、入入)和平仄式(平上、平去、平入)居多。 第六章是唐代三音節(jié)、四音節(jié)、五音節(jié)合成詞。這些詞音節(jié)雖長,意義卻比較單一,形式固定,有傳承性復(fù)現(xiàn)性；然數(shù)量不多,按音節(jié)組合數(shù)量依次遞減。 第七章是唐代成語,包括普通成語、典故成語、佛源成語,后兩者只有19%,故經(jīng)典性不是成語的本質(zhì)特征。成語相當(dāng)于詞,以動(dòng)詞性最多,占一半以上；名詞性約有25%；形容詞性只有15%。對(duì)稱性、穩(wěn)定性是成語的重要特征。 結(jié)語總結(jié)了題目內(nèi)涵和唐代新詞語的總體特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The Tang Dynasty was an important period for the development of the history of the vocabulary, which took place in the middle ancient times and began to start in modern times. The inheritance words and the new words were varied. The paper took the first example of the Tang Dynasty literature as the collection range of the first examples included in the Chinese Dictionary (hereinafter referred to as < dictionary >). By retrieving and investigating it, the paper set up the new words and phrases of the Tang Dynasty, and supplemented the Tang Dynasty literature. In the scope of this study, the basic features of the new words in the Tang Dynasty are described in terms of meaning and form. The full text is divided into seven chapters, in addition to the introduction and conclusion.
The introduction introduces the significance, the present situation, the content and the method of the new words and expressions in the Tang Dynasty. The study of the new words in the Tang Dynasty is an important part of the history of the Chinese language. It is also a new method for the study of the vocabulary of the Tang Dynasty, which is different from the special book. At present, the study of the vocabulary of the Tang Dynasty is concentrated in the micro field, and the results of the macro research have not yet appeared. The thesis makes an orderly investigation of the new words in the Tang Dynasty by dividing the syllables, dividing the parts of the word, dividing the structure, and dividing the semantic relations in order. The idioms of the Tang Dynasty are equivalent to the words in the last chapter.
The first chapter is the Tang Dynasty class of word. Starting with the meaning of the word, looking for the systematicness of the new words. According to the social characteristics of the Tang Dynasty, we choose nine fields of social characteristics - politics, economy, law, education, imperial examination, culture, thought, science and technology, social life, and the Related words in various fields, and study the mechanism and Department of vocabulary generation in social and historical reasons. Unification.
The second chapter is the basic vocabulary of the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, it was directly related to the basic social life, and the meaning was simple and clear. The words in the modern Chinese were the basic words of the Tang Dynasty and were divided into fourteen categories. In the interaction of society and vocabulary, the essence and system of the basic vocabulary were found.
The third chapter is the monosyllabic word of the Tang Dynasty. It summed up the characteristics of the new monosyllabic words in the Tang Dynasty, producing the causes and producing ways, including four kinds of words, homologous words, homologous words, morphemes into words, and the homologous words including the root of the word and the homology of the same family in two categories.
The fourth chapter is a double syllable non compound word in the Tang Dynasty, including continuous words, reduplicated words, overlapping words and additional words. The first three categories can be classified as phonetic words: continuous words are interlinked through phonetic rings; reduplication words and overlapping words overlap the words through syllables; the additional words are created by additional affixes, but the syllables of Chinese are simple and short and short. The lack of affix affixes causes such speech and morphological word formation to be inborn, and its productivity is relatively limited.
The fifth chapter is a double tone compound word in the Tang Dynasty. The first five sections analyze special nouns, ordinary nouns, verbs, adjectives, adjectives, adverbs, and conjunctions, with the grammatical structure and semantic relations. The most common nouns, about 6/10, are the most Chinese, followed by parallel; the morphemes are most famous and the semantic relations are the most complex. The second is the form name type, the verb name type and so on. The verb accounts for about 3/10, with the parallel type most, followed by the predicate type, the form of Chinese, the subject predicate and the supplementary; the semantic relation is the most complex with the predicate. The adjective is about 1/10, which is juxtaposition, accounting for about 88%, the main predicate, the formal, the adverb 18, the conjunctions 16, the pronouns 12, The number is relatively small. The sixth section investigates 100 words in the first, the prosperous, the middle and the evening, discusses its phonetic structure, and finds that there are 16 kinds of tone collocation methods, with the same style (flat, up, going, and entering) in the peace style (flat, flat, and flat).
The sixth chapter is the three syllables, four syllables and five syllables of the Tang Dynasty. These words have long syllables, but their meanings are relatively simple, the forms are fixed, and they have inheriting reproducibility; but the number is not much, and the number of syllables is decreasing in sequence.
The seventh chapter is the idiom of the Tang Dynasty, including the common idioms, the allusions idioms and the Buddhist source idioms, and the latter two are only 19%, so the classic is not the essential characteristic of the idiom. The idiom is equivalent to the word, with the most verb and more than half; the noun is about 25%; the adjective is only 15%. symmetry, and the stability is the important characteristic of idiom.
The conclusion summarizes the connotation of the title and the general characteristics of the new words in the Tang Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H131

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本文編號(hào)：2106118