本文選題：系統(tǒng)功能語法 + 形式化��； 參考：《江南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：系統(tǒng)功能語法是一種面向應(yīng)用的語言學(xué)理論，韓禮德稱其為“適用語言學(xué)”，其理論已經(jīng)廣泛地應(yīng)用于各種不同的領(lǐng)域，例如文體學(xué)、翻譯、外語教學(xué)等等。在各種應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中，韓禮德非常重視人工智能，而當(dāng)系統(tǒng)功能語法應(yīng)用于人工智能時，所面臨的問題就是對語法理論進(jìn)行形式化研究。他認(rèn)為能否將語言理論應(yīng)用于人工智能是檢驗其正確性的重要手段，同時也是使之發(fā)揮更大作用的好機會。 至今為止，在國外系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)的形式化研究中已經(jīng)提出了三種主要的方法：1)二十世紀(jì)五六十年代，韓禮德首次將其創(chuàng)造的階與范疇語法用于機器翻譯、檢索以及詞典編纂等。2）七十年代，Winograd第一次基于系統(tǒng)語法建立了一個自然語言處理系統(tǒng)——SHRDULE。至此，許許多多的自然語言生成系統(tǒng)應(yīng)運而生，包括PROTEUS, PENMAN, SLANG, COMMUNAL等。3）八十年代以后，系統(tǒng)功能語法的應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)向語料庫，包括口語語料庫和多模態(tài)語料庫。在此期間，韓禮德探索了語義計算與人工智能結(jié)合的可能性。在這些形式化研究中，Matthiessen等人的工作具有較大的影響力，受到了語言學(xué)界和計算機界的共同關(guān)注。 本文將研究系統(tǒng)功能語法及其改進(jìn)途徑，結(jié)合Penman語篇生成系統(tǒng)，重點研究Matthiessen等人提出的Nigel語法并改進(jìn)其中的系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)表述法。主要內(nèi)容包括1）Penman系統(tǒng)的工作流程；2）Nigel語法的分層及其與環(huán)境的交互；3）系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)形式化方法及其改進(jìn)途徑。 在研究的過程中主要采用了兩種研究方法。第一種為文獻(xiàn)法，，主要搜索了許多有關(guān)系統(tǒng)功能語法在自然語言處理系統(tǒng)中的文獻(xiàn)資料，另外與計算語言學(xué)和人工智能相關(guān)的資料也略有收集。第二種為形式化的方法，由于現(xiàn)實的自然語言極為復(fù)雜，不可能作為計算機的處理對象，為了使現(xiàn)實的自然語言成為可以由計算機直接處理的對象，在這眾多的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域當(dāng)中，我們都需要根據(jù)處理的需求，把自然語言處理抽象為一個“問題”，再把這個問題在數(shù)學(xué)上加以“形式化”，建立語言的“形式模型”，使之能以一定的數(shù)學(xué)形式，嚴(yán)密而規(guī)整地表示出來以至在計算機上實現(xiàn)。 通過這項研究，本文發(fā)現(xiàn)：1、在傳統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)理論研究中，學(xué)者們一般偏重于功能語言學(xué)；但是在面向自然語言處理用途的研究中，則必須注重系統(tǒng)語法，因為系統(tǒng)語法本質(zhì)上就是該語言學(xué)理論的一種形式化方法。2、可以更好地理解系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)與語料庫語言學(xué)結(jié)合的動因，它可以更有效地彌補傳統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究中的不足，將一個可能性系統(tǒng)發(fā)展成為概率系統(tǒng)。 然而，工作中還存在一些局限和不足，比如現(xiàn)在語言學(xué)研究重點已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向多模態(tài)，而此項研究目前還處于文本階段，需要長足的進(jìn)步發(fā)展；或者是否可以考慮運用系統(tǒng)功能語法與漢語結(jié)合進(jìn)行考察，因此未來的階段我們可以考慮轉(zhuǎn)向計算機實現(xiàn)和與漢語結(jié)合的研究方向。
[Abstract]:Systemic functional grammar is an applied linguistic theory, which Halliday calls it "applicable linguistics". It has been widely used in various fields, such as stylistics, translation, foreign language teaching and so on. Halliday attaches great importance to artificial intelligence in all kinds of application fields, but when the system functional grammar is applied to artificial intelligence, the problem is to make formal research on grammar theory. He believes that whether language theory can be applied to artificial intelligence is an important means to test its correctness, but also a good opportunity to make it play a greater role. Up to now, three main methods have been proposed in the formal studies of systematical functional linguistics abroad: (1) in the 1950s and 1960s, Halliday first applied the order and category grammar created by Halliday to machine translation. In the 1970s, Winograd first built a natural language processing system-SHRDULE based on system grammar. So far, many natural language generation systems have emerged, including proteus, Penman, Slange, COMMUNAL, etc.) since 1980s, the application of system functional grammar has turned to corpus, including spoken corpus and multimodal corpus. During this period, Halliday explored the possibility of combining semantic computing with artificial intelligence. In these formal studies, Matthiessen's work has a great influence, and has attracted the common attention of the linguistic and computer circles. In this paper, we will study the functional grammar of the system and its improvement approach, combining with the Penman text generation system, focus on the Nigel grammar proposed by Matthiessen and improve the representation of the system network. The main contents are as follows: 1) the workflow of Penman system 2) the delamination of Nigel syntax and its interaction with the environment 3) the formal method of system network and its improvement approach. In the process of research, two research methods are mainly used. The first is literature method, which mainly searches for a lot of documents about system functional grammar in natural language processing system, and also collects a little data related to computational linguistics and artificial intelligence. The second method is formalized. Because the real natural language is very complex, it can not be used as the processing object of the computer. In order to make the real natural language become the object that can be processed directly by the computer, it is in many application fields. We all need to abstract natural language processing into a "problem" according to the needs of processing, and then "formalize" the problem in mathematics and establish a "formal model" of the language so that it can be formulated in a certain mathematical form. It is expressed in a strict and regular manner and can be implemented on a computer. Through this study, it is found that in the traditional theoretical study of systemic functional linguistics, scholars tend to focus on functional linguistics, but in the study of natural language processing, we must pay attention to system grammar. Because systemic grammar is essentially a formalized method of this linguistic theory, it can better understand the motivation of the combination of systemic functional linguistics and corpus linguistics, and it can make up for the shortcomings of traditional systematic network research more effectively. A probabilistic system is developed into a probabilistic system. However, there are still some limitations and shortcomings in the work. For example, the focus of linguistics research has turned to multi-modal, and this research is still in the textual stage, which needs considerable progress. Or whether we can consider the use of system functional grammar and the combination of Chinese for investigation, so in the future, we can consider turning to the research direction of computer implementation and combination with Chinese.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H04

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