本文選題：構(gòu)式 + 流行語(yǔ)��； 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文主要研究20世紀(jì)末21世紀(jì)初當(dāng)代漢語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的流行構(gòu)式，試圖以Goldberg倡導(dǎo)的構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法為理論背景，對(duì)其產(chǎn)生的原因、句式本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、表達(dá)功用和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等方面進(jìn)行嘗試性探討。 第一章主要對(duì)流行構(gòu)式的流行語(yǔ)身份和構(gòu)式身份做相關(guān)的認(rèn)定，并且為流行構(gòu)式下定義為：在一個(gè)流行語(yǔ)中，固定了流行語(yǔ)義的成分組成了一個(gè)不變的常項(xiàng)，只要根據(jù)不同場(chǎng)景的表達(dá)需要進(jìn)行充填替換變項(xiàng)，流行語(yǔ)義就可因?yàn)槌ｍ?xiàng)的不變而擴(kuò)散到任何一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，將這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)作流行構(gòu)式。同時(shí)對(duì)流行構(gòu)式做了范圍界定。 第二章主要研究流行構(gòu)式“A并B著”的結(jié)構(gòu)特征及表達(dá)功用。從語(yǔ)法上看，“A并B著”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，在充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，還可以充當(dāng)語(yǔ)用上的話題。從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，“A并B著”分為一般式和擴(kuò)展式，但基本句義都是兩者邏輯上有語(yǔ)義對(duì)立的詞語(yǔ)組成，形成語(yǔ)義反差，突出后項(xiàng)的意義。 第三章主要分析了流行構(gòu)式“很A很B”的形成、流行與演化。首先，“很A很B”語(yǔ)法上可以充當(dāng)各種成分，，如謂語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)等。其次，“很A很B”的基本入詞規(guī)律是A為單音節(jié)詞語(yǔ)，B為雙音節(jié)詞語(yǔ)。一般而言，只有性質(zhì)形容詞和動(dòng)詞才能充當(dāng)A項(xiàng)，但是作為特殊用法一些專(zhuān)有名詞作為整體也可以進(jìn)入該構(gòu)式。同時(shí)，“很A很B”的兩個(gè)變項(xiàng)在韻律上必須符合漢語(yǔ)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，形成2+3的模式。并且某些英語(yǔ)詞匯也已經(jīng)可以進(jìn)入該構(gòu)式，但是必須要符合漢語(yǔ)的韻律模式。 第四章對(duì)小句構(gòu)式“有一種A叫B”的內(nèi)在語(yǔ)義關(guān)系和形成發(fā)展做了相關(guān)研究。在這個(gè)構(gòu)式中，說(shuō)話人通過(guò)“有一種”來(lái)激活強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣，隱含著說(shuō)話人褒義或貶義等的強(qiáng)烈、復(fù)雜情感。抽象名詞、非動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞和形容詞可以進(jìn)入變項(xiàng)“A”和“B”中，且他們之間語(yǔ)義關(guān)系復(fù)雜，有因果關(guān)系，相反關(guān)系，相對(duì)關(guān)系等。 通過(guò)對(duì)個(gè)案的考察分析，在最后的結(jié)語(yǔ)部分，嘗試總結(jié)出流行構(gòu)式的性質(zhì)和類(lèi)別。我們認(rèn)為，必須同時(shí)具備以下三個(gè)元素才可以稱(chēng)之為流行構(gòu)式：具有定型的句式或結(jié)構(gòu)；可替換部分具有類(lèi)推性；產(chǎn)生于當(dāng)代并廣為流傳。并且可以分成復(fù)句構(gòu)式、小句構(gòu)式及短語(yǔ)構(gòu)式三種類(lèi)型。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly studies the popular constructions in contemporary Chinese at the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, and attempts to take the construction grammar advocated by Goldberg as the theoretical background, the reasons for its emergence and the structural characteristics of the sentence structure itself. Express the function and the development trend and so on the aspect carries on the tentative discussion. The first chapter is mainly about the identification of the pop word identity and the construction identity of the popular construction, and defines the popular construction as: in a popular word, the elements fixed the popular semantics constitute an invariable constant term. As long as the substitution variables are filled according to the expression of different scenes, the popular semantics can spread to any scenario because of the invariance of the constant terms, and this language phenomenon is called the popular constructor. At the same time, the scope of the popular construction is defined. The second chapter mainly studies the structural characteristics and expressive function of the popular construction A and B. Grammatically, "A and B" can act as objects, predicates, attributives, complements, etc. When they act as subjects, they can also act as pragmatic topics. From the structural point of view, "A and B" can be divided into general form and extended form, but the basic meaning of sentence is composed of two words logically opposite to each other, forming semantic contrast and highlighting the meaning of the latter item. The third chapter mainly analyzes the formation, popularity and evolution of the popular structure "very A, very B". First of all, "very A very B" grammar can serve as a variety of elements, such as predicates, attributes and so on. Secondly, the basic law of "very A, very B" is that A is a monosyllabic word and B is a double syllable word. Generally speaking, only qualitative adjectives and verbs can act as item A, but as a special use some proper nouns as a whole can also enter the construction. At the same time, the two variables of "very A, very B" must conform to the Chinese standard in prosody and form a 23 pattern. And some English words can also enter into the construction, but must conform to the Chinese prosodic pattern. Chapter four studies the semantic relationship and development of clause construction "there is a kind of A called B". In this construction, the speaker activates the tone of emphasis by means of "one", implying strong and complex feelings of appreciation or derogation of the speaker. Abstract nouns, non-action verbs and adjectives can be entered into the variables "A" and "B", and their semantic relations are complex, causal, opposite, relative, and so on. Through the investigation and analysis of the case, in the last part of the conclusion, we try to summarize the nature and category of the popular construction. In our opinion, we must have the following three elements at the same time in order to be called a popular construction: have a stereotyped sentence or structure; replaceable parts have analogies; produced in the contemporary and widely circulated. And it can be divided into three types: complex sentence construction, clause construction and phrase construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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