本文選題：2001-2010年 + 政法�。� 參考：《江西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文主要從語(yǔ)言學(xué)本體角度和社會(huì)語(yǔ)用學(xué)角度對(duì)2001-2010年間的政法類新詞做了定性的分析。本文所研究的政法詞語(yǔ)是指從2001-2010年間新詞語(yǔ)字典中有關(guān)政治和法律方面的詞語(yǔ)，包括一些分界不是十分明確的詞和短語(yǔ)。 政法類新詞的外形特點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)為：音節(jié)上以雙音節(jié)詞和四音節(jié)詞為主，其他音節(jié)所占比例較少，這與語(yǔ)言學(xué)構(gòu)詞法所遵循的經(jīng)濟(jì)原則是相符的。結(jié)構(gòu)方式上偏正型仍占主要地位，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于其他結(jié)構(gòu)類型，其次是動(dòng)賓型；加綴式的詞語(yǔ)中，類詞綴在雙音節(jié)詞和三音節(jié)詞里出現(xiàn)的較多，四個(gè)或四個(gè)音節(jié)以上的詞里類詞綴出現(xiàn)的較少。詞綴方面，政法類新詞中出現(xiàn)的類詞綴越來(lái)越多，構(gòu)詞能力也很強(qiáng)，并在人們的日常使用中不斷得以推廣，有許多類詞綴都逐漸朝著詞綴的方向發(fā)展。從縮略方式上來(lái)看，分段縮略的方法也遠(yuǎn)超其他縮略方式，其中，在四音節(jié)詞語(yǔ)的縮略過(guò)程中，分段縮略的1234→13式又成為主要方式。 新詞的來(lái)源主要是外來(lái)詞，港臺(tái)詞語(yǔ)，，專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。外來(lái)詞中的借綴現(xiàn)象非常普遍，如英語(yǔ)中的“門”“吧”，日語(yǔ)中的“族”，豐富了漢語(yǔ)的新詞隊(duì)伍。方言中的新詞主要研究來(lái)源于港臺(tái)區(qū)域的，由于內(nèi)地和港臺(tái)在各方面的交流日益頻繁，港臺(tái)地區(qū)的文化詞對(duì)內(nèi)地的詞匯沖擊比較大，但也是重要的構(gòu)詞方式之一。另外不可忽視的一個(gè)來(lái)源是“就地取材”，即直接把舊詞新用，大部分取自不同專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，如有體育，生物，交通，建筑，食品，計(jì)算機(jī)，軍事等。這種詞語(yǔ)泛化現(xiàn)象主要利用了不同事物間的相似面。 政法類新詞除了從語(yǔ)言學(xué)本體角度研究，還從社會(huì)語(yǔ)用學(xué)和社會(huì)心理學(xué)多角度地研究，社會(huì)變遷，媒體傳播和人際關(guān)系三方面共同影響政法類新詞地變化發(fā)展。 本文對(duì)政法類新詞的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)作了大致地預(yù)測(cè)，雙音節(jié)詞依舊是構(gòu)詞方式的主流；各種類詞綴隨著高頻的使用將進(jìn)一步變成真正的詞綴；泛化作用將繼續(xù)創(chuàng)制出大量新詞。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of linguistic ontology and social pragmatics, this paper makes a qualitative analysis of political and legal neologisms from 2001-2010 to 2001-2010. The political and legal terms studied in this paper refer to the political and legal terms in the dictionary of new words from 2001-2010, including some words and phrases whose boundaries are not very clear. The appearance characteristics of political and legal neologisms are as follows: disyllabic words and four-syllable words are the main syllable, while the other syllables occupy a small proportion, which is consistent with the economic principles followed in the lexical formation of linguistics. In terms of structural pattern, the positive type is still dominant, far more than other structural types, followed by verb-object type, and affix-like affixes appear more frequently in disyllabic words and three-syllable words. There are fewer affixes in words with four or more syllables. In terms of affix, there are more and more affixes in political and legal neologisms, the ability of word-formation is also very strong, and they are popularized in the daily use of people, and many kinds of affixes are gradually developing towards the direction of affixes. From the point of view of acronym, the method of piecewise acronym is far superior to other abbreviations. In the process of four-syllable acronym, the 1234 / 13 type of segmental acronym becomes the main way. The sources of neologisms are mainly loanwords, Hong Kong and Taiwan words, and technical terms. Loan affixes are very common in loanwords, such as "door" in English and "clan" in Japanese, which enriches the ranks of new words in Chinese. The study of new words in dialects mainly comes from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Due to the increasingly frequent exchanges between the mainland and Hong Kong and Taiwan, cultural words in Hong Kong and Taiwan have a strong impact on the mainland vocabulary, but they are also one of the important word-formation methods. Another source that can not be ignored is "local materials", that is, the new use of old words, most of which are taken from different professional terms, such as sports, biology, transportation, architecture, food, computer, military and so on. This generalization of words mainly utilizes the similarity between different things. Political and legal neologisms not only from the perspective of linguistic Noumenon, but also from the perspective of social pragmatics and social psychology, social change, media communication and interpersonal relations affect the development of political and legal neologisms. This paper makes a general prediction of the development trend of political and legal neologisms. Dicyllabic words are still the mainstream of word-formation; various affixes will further become real affixes with the use of high frequency; the generalization will continue to produce a large number of new words.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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