本文選題：“倒” + “并”�。� 參考：《揚州大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：副詞是現(xiàn)代漢語中的一種個性強于共性的功能詞類,其內(nèi)部各小類成員在組配方式、句法功能、語義、語用特點等各個方面有一致性,但又具有不少細微的差異,“倒”和“并”就是一組在句法、語義和語用方面有同有異的副詞。漢語語法學界對副詞“倒”和“并”的個案研究取得了不少成果,但卻很少從對比角度考察和分析這兩個副詞在意義和用法方面的異同,因而未能充分揭示兩者在句法、語義和語用上的特點。 現(xiàn)代漢語副詞“倒”和“并”的基本句法功能都是用在謂詞性詞語之前作狀語。從出現(xiàn)環(huán)境看,副詞“并”只能出現(xiàn)在否定形式前,而且必須和否定詞緊緊相隨,中間不能插入其他詞語。而“倒”既可用于否定形式,也可用于肯定形式。雖然兩個副詞都可以與否定詞語共現(xiàn),但對于否定詞的選擇,“倒”比“并”的選擇范圍要大。除此之外,這兩個副詞與其他副詞的搭配情況、多個副詞連用時的先后順序以及與動詞、連詞等的共現(xiàn)情況和兩者所能出現(xiàn)的句類等都呈現(xiàn)出各自的特點。 從語義角度看,兩個副詞具有共同的語義基礎,即表對比性轉折,但“倒”出現(xiàn)的對比關系句的范圍比“并”大。在歷時演變過程中,兩者從實義動詞一步步虛化為表轉折義的副詞,在這一過程中語義泛化、句法位置的變化、語用的制約起了主要作用。 在語用方面,副詞“倒”和“并”在語用預設、焦點、主觀性等方面存在著一定的差異。副詞“倒”是“預設觸發(fā)語”,具有指出預設的語用功能；“并”的語用功能是預設否定,且須以一定的前提為基礎。焦點和預設是一對聯(lián)系緊密的概念,“倒”句中焦點的位置比較靈活,既可以強調話題焦點,又可以強調述題焦點；“并”句的焦點位置主要是“并”后的部分,強調的則是述題焦點。另外,副詞“倒”的主觀性要強于副詞“并”。 從句法、語義和語用角度全面系統(tǒng)地比較副詞“倒”和“并”的異同,可以更為深入地揭示這兩個副詞功能方面的異同。
[Abstract]:Adverbs are a kind of functional parts of speech in modern Chinese, which are stronger than common ones. The subcategories of adverbs in modern Chinese are consistent in their ways of matching, syntactic functions, semantics, pragmatic features, etc., but there are some subtle differences between them. Inversion and union are different adverbs in syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Chinese grammatical scholars have made a lot of achievements in the case study of adverbs "inversion" and "union", but seldom examine and analyze the similarities and differences in meaning and usage of the two adverbs from the perspective of contrast, thus failing to fully reveal the syntactic features of the two adverbs. Semantic and pragmatic features. The basic syntactic functions of adverbs "inverted" and "union" in modern Chinese are used as adverbials before predicate words. From the appearance environment, the adverb "and" can only appear before the negative form, and must be closely accompanied by the negative word, and no other words can be inserted in the middle. "inverted" can be used either in negative form or in positive form. Although both adverbs can co-appear with negative words, the choice of negative words is larger than that of negative words. In addition, the collocation of the two adverbs with other adverbs, the order in which several adverbs are used, the co-occurrence with verbs, conjunctions, and the types of sentences that can appear between the two adverbs all show their own characteristics. The two adverbs have the same semantic basis, that is, the contrastive turning point, but the scope of contrastive relative sentences appearing in "inverted" is larger than that of "and". In the process of diachronic evolution, both of them have changed from the actual verb to the adverb of turning meaning step by step. In this process, the semantic generalization, the change of syntactic position and the restriction of pragmatics play a major role. There are some differences in pragmatic presupposition, focus, subjectivity and so on. The adverb "inverted" is "presupposition trigger", which has the pragmatic function of pointing out presupposition, and the pragmatic function of "union" is presupposition negation and must be based on certain premises. Focus and presupposition are two closely related concepts. The position of focus in "inverted" sentence is flexible, which can emphasize both the topic focus and the topic focus, and the focus position of the "union" sentence is mainly the part after "union". Emphasis is placed on the focus of the topic. In addition, the subjectivity of adverb "inverted" is stronger than that of adverb "and". Comparing the similarities and differences of adverb "inverted" and "union" comprehensively and systematically from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic angles can reveal the similarities and differences in function of these two adverbs more deeply.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146.2

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本文編號：2001671