本文選題：道縣官話 + 西南官話　； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：道縣位于湖南省南部，隸屬永州市，縣境的北、東、南面分別與永州市的雙牌、寧遠(yuǎn)、江永、江華縣交界，西面接廣西省的灌陽、全州兩縣市。道縣古稱道州，歷史悠久。道縣漢語方言情況較復(fù)雜，屬于“雙方言”地區(qū)，縣境的東南部，包括道縣縣城、蚣壩鄉(xiāng)、四馬橋、白馬渡等地區(qū)是說道縣官話，在《中國語言地圖集》中道縣官話被劃為西南官話湘南片，道縣官話是全縣通用的交際語；此外，縣境的西部、北部、西北、西南部的大部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)是說土話，這些地區(qū)一般對內(nèi)使用“土話”（屬于通常所稱的“湘南土話”），對外使用官話�！暗揽h官話”以道縣縣城道江鎮(zhèn)話為代表。 以往有關(guān)道縣方言研究成果中，學(xué)者們更多的將注意力放在道縣土話研究上，道縣官話研究相對薄弱，尤其缺少專題研究。而現(xiàn)在有關(guān)道縣官話的記錄大都年代久遠(yuǎn)，且記錄也不夠完備，我們有必要對道縣官話語音系統(tǒng)重新進(jìn)行一次全面的調(diào)查，并對前人的調(diào)查加以補(bǔ)充，對前人彼此分歧的地方著重加以探討。 通過實(shí)地調(diào)查和語音聲調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)，道縣官話的聲韻調(diào)系統(tǒng)的情況是：聲母17個(gè)（含零聲母）；韻母35個(gè)；4個(gè)調(diào)類：陰平33、陽平41、上聲45、去聲14。在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上整理出來的道縣官話聲韻調(diào)配合表、同音字表顯示了道縣官話語音系統(tǒng)的具體面貌。 通過與中古漢語音系的比較，道縣官話的語音系統(tǒng)主要有如下特點(diǎn)。聲母特點(diǎn)：（1）古全濁聲母字，今逢塞音、塞擦音，平聲一般讀送氣清音，仄聲一般讀不送氣清音；其余一般讀清擦音。（2）沒有f聲母。非敷奉母一律讀x，與曉匣洪音聲母合流。（3）古泥來母字互混，多讀為l聲母。（4）知系今讀[‘s]，見系今讀[‘]。（5）不分尖團(tuán)音。（6）零聲母字主要來自古喻三喻四，疑微二母合口各等，以及影母三四等。（7）聲母只出現(xiàn)在疑、影母開口一二等。（8）聲母中的文白異讀現(xiàn)象不多，只是在咸山攝開口二等部分字出現(xiàn)。韻母特點(diǎn)：（1）一二等韻基本上完全相混，但是宕攝開口一等精組與江攝開口二等知系這兩個(gè)部分舒聲字能分。（2）陽聲韻中古-m尾消失，-尾也大部分消失，咸深山臻宕江攝合流讀-n尾。（3）咸山舒聲細(xì)音元音產(chǎn)生音變，不與宕攝舒聲細(xì)音讀混。（4）臻攝舒聲一等合口端系字有讀開口現(xiàn)象。（5）有鼻化韻，但鼻化韻顯得不穩(wěn)定。（6）入聲韻尾完全消失，現(xiàn)主要讀為陰聲韻[a o　i u y ua ia io ie ye]。（7）道縣官話中無韻母[uo]，普通話中[uo]韻母的字道縣官話中均讀成[o]。聲調(diào)特點(diǎn)：（1）全濁上歸去聲，，去聲不分陰陽。凡全濁上聲讀為去聲，如：舅=救=舊i u14。（2）入聲全歸陽平，如：七=其‘i41；匣=霞ia41。 通過將道縣官話（屬于湘南片）的調(diào)查結(jié)果與省外的西南官話成渝片(成都話)、武天片（武漢話)、省內(nèi)常鶴片（常德話）以及歸屬同一片區(qū)的寧遠(yuǎn)官話（位于道縣南部）、臨武官話（位于道縣北部）從聲韻調(diào)三個(gè)方面做一比較，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：一方面，道縣官話既具有西南官話普遍性的語音特點(diǎn)，如：平翹舌音不分；n和l混為一個(gè)音位；入聲韻尾-p,-t,-k消失，-m韻尾派入-n或-ng；全濁上聲歸去聲，入聲歸陽平；無尖團(tuán)對立等等。另一方面，道縣官話自身又是具有一定獨(dú)自特點(diǎn)的西南官話，它與西南官話其它方言點(diǎn)之間的差異主要表現(xiàn)在聲調(diào)方面：陽平和上聲都是高調(diào)位，陽平是高降調(diào)而不是低降調(diào)；上聲是高升調(diào)而不是高降調(diào)，此種特殊現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)可能與方言相互接觸影響、土話對當(dāng)?shù)毓僭挼挠绊懹幸欢ǖ穆?lián)系。這一語音特點(diǎn)在人們的日常生活交際中是能夠直接從聽感上辨別的。語音特征在語言的三個(gè)構(gòu)成要素中是最易被人們直觀感知的，聲調(diào)差異在漢語這種靠音調(diào)的高低起區(qū)別意義的聲調(diào)語言也是具有獨(dú)特意義的，而道縣官話的聲調(diào)特點(diǎn)恰好也為我們彰顯出道縣官話在西南官話內(nèi)部的獨(dú)特風(fēng)格的一個(gè)方面。此外，道縣官話的鼻音韻尾鼻化現(xiàn)象不穩(wěn)定，且跟調(diào)類有一定的聯(lián)系。
[Abstract]:Daoxian County is located in the southern part of Hunan Province, belonging to Yongzhou City, the north, the East and the south of the county, and the Yongzhou city of Shuangpai, Ningyuan, Jiangyong, Jiang Hua County, Guangxi Province, Guanyang, two counties and cities of the state. The state of the Daoxian County in ancient times has a long history. The situation of the Chinese dialect in Daoxian County is very complex, which belongs to the "double dialect" area, the southeast of the county, including Daoxian County county. City, Pepee dam Township, four Ma Bridge, baimatu and other areas are said county official dialect. In the Chinese Language Atlas, the Mandarin Chinese dialect is designated as the southwestern official dialect of southern Hunan, and the Daoxian County Mandarin is the general communication language in the county. In addition, the western, northern, Northwest, and southwestern towns of the county are spoken in the local dialect, and these areas generally use the "dialect" (belong to the local dialect). In the commonly known "Southern Hunan dialect", the official language is used externally. "Daoxian County Mandarin" is represented by Dao Jiang Town dialect in Daoxian County County town.
In the previous research achievements of Daoxian County dialect, scholars have paid more attention to the study of Daoxian County dialect, and the study of Daoxian County Mandarin is relatively weak, especially the lack of special research. Now, the records of Daoxian County Mandarin are far away and the records are not complete enough. It is necessary for us to reconduct the Daoxian County Mandarin phonetic system once again. The investigation and supplement to the previous surveys were made to explore the differences between the predecessors.
Through field investigation and phonetic tone experiment, the sound and tone system of Daoxian County Mandarin is: 17 consonants (including zero consonants), 35 vowels, 4 vowels and 4 types: Yin Ping 33, Yang Ping 41, 45, and 14. on this basis on this basis, the Daoxian County Mandarin pronunciation and rhyme coordination table, the homophone table shows the specific surface of the Daoxian County Mandarin speech system Appearance.
By comparing with the phonological system of Middle Chinese, the phonetic system of Daoxian County Mandarin is mainly characterized by the following characteristics: (1) the ancient all turbid consonants, the present time of the consonant, the slug, the flat sound, the tone generally read, the tone generally read and the unaspirated voiceless; the rest generally read clear and fricative. (2) there is no f consonant. (3) the ancient mud to be mixed with the mother word, read more as l consonant. (4) know now reading ['s], see now read [']. (5) no apex consonant. (6) the zero consonant word mainly comes from the three metonymy of ancient metonymy, doubt two mother and so on, and the shadow mother three or four and so on. (7) the consonant only appears in doubt, the shadow mother Kaiguchi Ichiji and so on. Opening two and other parts of the characters. (1) the one or two and other rhymes are completely mixed, but the two parts of the two parts can be divided. (2) the middle of the middle age of the sun is disappeared, the tail is disappearing, and the salty deep mountain reaches the -n tail. (3) the syllable vowel of the salted mountain sound is sound, Do not mix with slender sound reading and sound reading. (4) "Zhen Guan" and "Shu Sheng" endings have a reading opening phenomenon. (5) there is a rhinological rhyme, but the nasal rhyme appears unstable. (6) the rhyme is completely disappeared, and the main reading is [a o I U y UA ia IO ie ye]. (7) no rhyme [uo] in the Daoxian County Mandarin Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese characters are read in Mandarin Tone characteristics: (1) all turbidity on the back to the voice, the voice does not divide Yin and Yang. All the turbid sound read as the voice, such as: Uncle = save = save = old I u14. (2) all return to Yang Ping, such as: seven = "I41; casket = Xia ia41.
By comparing the results of the Daoxian County official dialect (belonging to the southern Hunan film) with the southwest mandarin, Chengdu and Chongqing films (Chengdu dialect), Wu Tian film (Wuhan dialect), Changhe tablet (Chang Dehua) in the province and the Ningyuan Mandarin (located in the southern part of Daoxian County), the Linwu Mandarin (located in the northern part of the Daoxian County) makes a comparison between the three aspects of the sound and rhyme. On the one hand, Daoxian County official dialect not only has the phonetic characteristics of the universality of the Southwestern Mandarin, such as the flat tongue and tongue, N and l as a phoneme, -p, -t, -k, -n or -ng of -m rhyme, the sound of all turbid sound, the voice to Yang Ping, the non sharp opposition and so on. On the other hand, the Daoxian County official itself is also a Southwest official with a certain alone characteristic. The difference between it and the other dialectal points in the southwest mandarin is mainly manifested in the tone of tone: Yang Ping and Shang Sheng are high key positions, Yang Ping is a high drop and not a low downfall; the sound is a high rise and not a high downfall. The appearance of this special phenomenon may be influenced by the dialects, and the dialect has a certain relation to the local official dialect. This phonetic characteristic can be directly identified in people's daily communication. The phonetic features are most easily perceived by people in the three elements of the language. The tone difference in Chinese, which differs from the tone of the tone, is also unique, and the tone of the Daoxian County Mandarin is a special tone. The point just also highlights the unique style of the official dialect of the county in the southwest official dialect. In addition, the nasal sound of the nasal sound of the Daoxian County Mandarin is unstable and has a certain connection with the classification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H174

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 賀凱林;湖南道縣壽雁平話音系[J];方言;2003年01期

本文編號：1997819