發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-06 19:16

  本文選題：基層詞 + 人體詞　； 參考：《中央民族大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：基本層次范疇是人們認(rèn)識事物、理解世界的最直接、最基本的層面,是進(jìn)行范疇化最有力的工具。它讓認(rèn)知主體付出最小的認(rèn)知努力而收獲最大量的信息。此前國內(nèi)對基本層次范疇領(lǐng)域的研究并不多見,從基本層次范疇領(lǐng)域研究詞匯是一個(gè)較新且可行的途徑。基于人體詞使用頻率高、范圍廣且代表人類認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)最原始的概念,本文選擇人體詞作為研究范圍。以蘇新春的《現(xiàn)代漢語語義分類庫》中的人體部分1491詞作為語料來源,設(shè)立適用于人體部分的同名選取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、基層詞提取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 目前國內(nèi)外對基層詞提取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都是橫向的羅列,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間處于平行關(guān)系,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過多且沒有區(qū)分主次。筆者認(rèn)為提取基層詞時(shí),應(yīng)先設(shè)立 個(gè)最優(yōu)先的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),然后在此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下根據(jù)研究類別的個(gè)性特征添加子標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。基本層級的形成是人和客觀事物直接互動的結(jié)果,必須依賴于人最基本的感知能力,完形正是這種感知能力。人體詞跟動植物類詞比較,兩者屬于不同的關(guān)系,動植物類詞屬于種屬關(guān)系,而大部分人體詞屬于整體與部分的關(guān)系。人體是一個(gè)龐大的系統(tǒng),內(nèi)部為一層套一層的整體與部分的關(guān)系。人們對該詞語所指稱事物本身的認(rèn)知程度,稱之為內(nèi)在顯著度。人們對一個(gè)詞的認(rèn)知顯著度的高低同時(shí)也表現(xiàn)在對該詞的運(yùn)用中,即義項(xiàng)、隱喻能力,稱之為外在顯著度。因而,本研究.。將人體類基層詞提取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)為兩條,即：第一：在同一層次詞匯中具有完形；第二：詞語的顯著性,量化為詞的義項(xiàng)、隱喻能力。通過提取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行篩選選出基層詞39個(gè)：頭、眼睛、耳朵、腦、嘴巴、舌頭、牙齒、臉、鼻子、眉毛、胡子、頭發(fā)、嘴唇、喉嚨、額；手、背、腳、手指、腿、腰、拳、脖子、臂、臀、胸、肩、手心、腕、腹、肘；心、腸、胃、肺、膽、肝；血、骨頭。 設(shè)立提取標(biāo)準(zhǔn),實(shí)施提取過程后進(jìn)入漢語本體分析,分別通過詞長、構(gòu)詞、隱喻三個(gè)方面對該39個(gè)人體類基層詞進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析。詞長上,從整體比例上看,基層詞仍然以單音節(jié)詞為主。構(gòu)詞上,分別從“人體語素+人體語素”、“人體語素+非人體語素”、“人體語素+動植物詞”進(jìn)行分析。隱喻上,人體類基層詞都具有隱喻,人體隱喻具有詞匯化、系統(tǒng)性、不平衡性特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The basic level category is the most direct and basic level of understanding things, the most basic level of understanding the world. It is the most powerful tool for categorizing. It makes the cognitive subject pay the smallest cognitive effort to gain the maximum amount of information. A new and feasible way. Based on the high frequency, wide range and the most primitive concept of human cognitive system, the human body words are selected as the research scope. In this paper, the 1491 words of the human body in the modern Chinese Semantic Classification Library of Suxin spring are used as the source of the corpus, set up the standard for the selection of the same name for the human body. Level word extraction standard.
At present, the standard of basic words extraction at home and abroad is horizontal, the standard is in parallel relation, too many standards and no distinction between primary and secondary. The author thinks that when the basic words are extracted, we should set up first.
One of the most important criteria, and then under this standard, adds the sub standard according to the personality characteristics of the research category. The formation of the basic hierarchy is the result of direct interaction between human and objective things. It must depend on the most basic perception of human beings. The word word belongs to the relationship of species, and most of the human body words belong to the relationship of the whole and the part. The human body is a large system, and the interior is the relationship between the whole and the part of a layer. In the use of the word, namely, meaning and metaphorical ability, it is called the external prominence. Therefore, this study has set up two criteria for the extraction of human body basic words: first, there are Gestalt in the same level; second: the significance of words, the meaning of the words, the metaphorical ability. 39 words: head, eye, ear, brain, mouth, tongue, tooth, face, nose, eyebrow, beard, hair, lips, throat, forehead; hand, back, foot, finger, leg, waist, fist, neck, arm, buttock, chest, shoulder, hand, wrist, abdomen, elbow; heart, stomach, stomach, stomach, gall, liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; blood, bone.
Set up the extraction standard, after the implementation of the extraction process into the Chinese ontology analysis, respectively through the word length, word formation, metaphor three aspects of the 39 human basic words of the human body, the word length, from the overall proportion, the basic words are still mainly monosyllabic words. In word formation, the word "human morpheme + human morpheme", "human morpheme + non human" in word formation. "Body morpheme", "human morpheme + animal and plant words" is analyzed. Metaphorically, the basic words of human body have metaphors, and human metaphors have the characteristics of lexicalization, systematization and imbalances.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H136

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本文編號：1987823