發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-06 08:00

  本文選題：《二程語錄》 + 動(dòng)詞配價(jià)��； 參考：《湖北大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：配價(jià)語法的“價(jià)”是受化學(xué)中的“價(jià)”的啟發(fā)而得來的,首先由泰尼埃爾創(chuàng)立。配價(jià)語法的核心就在于動(dòng)詞對(duì)于名詞性成分的支配能力。配價(jià)語法認(rèn)為動(dòng)詞支配一個(gè)句子中的各種各成分,其中的名詞性成分由動(dòng)詞直接支配。通過對(duì)其中從屬成分的語義分析,可以總結(jié)出動(dòng)詞所能支配的語義成分和支配能力的強(qiáng)弱。二十世紀(jì)七十年代,我國語言研究者,引入了這一理論,利用這一理論解決了一些語言問題,使得配價(jià)理論在中國十分流行。近些年來,學(xué)者們利用配價(jià)語法研究古代漢語中的語言現(xiàn)象,也取得了一些成果。利用配價(jià)語法研究《二程語錄》中的動(dòng)詞,分析它們的語義特征,可以擴(kuò)大近代漢語研究的領(lǐng)域,同時(shí)也能為《二程語錄》的動(dòng)詞做更深層次的研究。 對(duì)《二程語錄》中的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行考察,應(yīng)該把握動(dòng)詞的詞匯意義,語法意義,同時(shí)根據(jù)它們?cè)诰渥又兴w現(xiàn)的不同義項(xiàng)以及頻率高低。由此提取出543個(gè)動(dòng)詞。并按照動(dòng)作行為動(dòng)詞,性質(zhì)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,關(guān)系動(dòng)詞,心理活動(dòng)動(dòng)詞,致使動(dòng)詞的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行分類。然后具體分析每個(gè)動(dòng)詞所支配的成分的語義特征,歸納它們的數(shù)目。全面的了解動(dòng)詞的支配能力,分析從屬成分的語義角色。將從屬成分的語義角色概括為25種類型,這樣基本能比較系統(tǒng)的描寫出動(dòng)詞的配價(jià)情況。動(dòng)詞的價(jià)應(yīng)該綜合語法和語義兩個(gè)平面,當(dāng)然價(jià)也是一個(gè)層級(jí)由元、位、聯(lián)、構(gòu)成。在這里價(jià)可以理解為元,元由一個(gè)原子句中的必須成分構(gòu)成。但動(dòng)詞的從屬成分又不僅僅是“元”,還有其他成分,于是根據(jù)語料中動(dòng)詞的擴(kuò)展句式,又有位和聯(lián)。將《二程語錄》中的動(dòng)詞按元的數(shù)目不同分為一元?jiǎng)釉~,二元?jiǎng)釉~,三元?jiǎng)釉~。由此去分析元,位,聯(lián),描寫配價(jià)層級(jí)。 通過分析可以看到,各價(jià)動(dòng)詞中,二元?jiǎng)釉~最多。各類別的動(dòng)詞中,動(dòng)作行為動(dòng)詞數(shù)量最多。致使動(dòng)詞最少,只有5個(gè)。在配價(jià)能力方而,二元行為動(dòng)詞配價(jià)能力最強(qiáng)。關(guān)系動(dòng)詞、心理動(dòng)詞配價(jià)能力較弱。動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)和語義特征決定了動(dòng)詞的配價(jià)能力。通過與現(xiàn)代漢語動(dòng)詞配價(jià)的比較,可以看到,在價(jià)類上現(xiàn)代漢語動(dòng)詞也只有一元、二元、三元。主要差異在于動(dòng)詞所能支配的可有名詞性成分,即在“位”和“聯(lián)”方面,現(xiàn)代漢語動(dòng)詞所能支配的范圍更廣。
[Abstract]:The valence grammar was inspired by the valence in chemistry and was first founded by Daniel. The core of valence grammar lies in the dominance of verbs to nominal elements. Valence grammar holds that verbs dominate all kinds of components in a sentence, in which nominal elements are directly controlled by verbs. Through the semantic analysis of subordinate components, we can conclude the semantic components and the strength of dominating ability of verbs. In the 1970s, Chinese language researchers introduced this theory and used it to solve some language problems, which made the valence theory very popular in China. In recent years, scholars have used valence grammar to study language phenomena in ancient Chinese, and some achievements have been made. It is possible to expand the field of modern Chinese research by using valence grammar to study the verbs in "Two-way Quotations" and to analyze their semantic characteristics. At the same time, it can also do a deeper study of the verbs in the second Quotations. To investigate the verbs in the second Quotations, we should grasp the lexical and grammatical meanings of the verbs. At the same time, according to their different meanings and frequency in the sentence. From this, 543 verbs were extracted. According to the classification standard of action verb, nature state verb, relational verb and psychological active verb, the verb is classified according to the standard of action verb, nature state verb, relation verb and psychological active verb. Then we analyze the semantic characteristics of each verb and sum up the number of them. Understand the dominance of verbs and analyze the semantic roles of subordinate elements. The semantic roles of subordinate elements are classified into 25 types, so that the valency of verbs can be described systematically. The valence of the verb should integrate the grammatical and semantic planes, of course, the valence is also a hierarchy of elements, bits, and links. Here the price can be understood as a element, which consists of a necessary component in an atomic sentence. But the subordinate component of the verb is not only "Yuan", but also other elements, so according to the extended sentence structure of the verb in the corpus, there is position and association. According to the number of elements, the verbs in the second Quotations are divided into single verb, binary verb and ternary verb. From the analysis, we can see that among the valence verbs, the binary verbs are the most. Among all kinds of other verbs, the number of action verbs is the largest. The verb is the least, with only five. On the side of valency capacity, dual action verbs have the strongest valency capacity. Relative verbs and psychological verbs are weak in valency. The nature and semantic characteristics of verbs determine the valency ability of verbs. By comparing with the valence of modern Chinese verbs, we can see that there is only one element, two elements and three elements in the valence category of modern Chinese verbs. The main difference is that the verbs can control the nominal elements, that is, in the aspect of "position" and "association", the modern Chinese verbs can dominate a wider range.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146.2

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本文編號(hào)：1985831