本文選題：情態(tài)表達(dá) + 認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)，語(yǔ)言學(xué)者越來(lái)越認(rèn)識(shí)到，語(yǔ)言不僅是人們對(duì)世界認(rèn)識(shí)的基本工具，也是人類(lèi)傳遞信息和態(tài)度的基本形式。情態(tài)是語(yǔ)言作為交際的一種工具，也是人類(lèi)認(rèn)知的一種反應(yīng)，情態(tài)是說(shuō)話人對(duì)句子表示的命題的真值或事件的現(xiàn)實(shí)性狀態(tài)所表達(dá)的主觀態(tài)度。認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)是對(duì)可能世界中某個(gè)命題是否發(fā)生的評(píng)估，即評(píng)估者對(duì)命題真值的理解。作為唯一一種具有語(yǔ)言的生物人來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)言表達(dá)由自身決定，因此，我們說(shuō)的每一句話里都包涵著對(duì)句子內(nèi)容的態(tài)度和對(duì)聽(tīng)話人的態(tài)度。情態(tài)研究對(duì)于榀度對(duì)說(shuō)話人和聽(tīng)話人的態(tài)度有重大意義。 本文的研究對(duì)象為漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)表達(dá)，這里的認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)是指成系統(tǒng)的、封閉的、語(yǔ)法化程度比較高的情態(tài)表達(dá)，而非那些零散的不成體系的與語(yǔ)氣相關(guān)的所有情態(tài)表達(dá)。本論文將英漢情態(tài)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，為了更好地挑選具有典型性的語(yǔ)料，將以Brown+BNC (written)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)與現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)為支撐，在前人的理論基礎(chǔ)上，從分類(lèi)學(xué)的基本類(lèi)型，將認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)大體分為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)副詞，情態(tài)形容詞和一些特殊的能表達(dá)情態(tài)的句型，以及僅存在于漢語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣助詞。 此外本文還將從認(rèn)知角度研究中英認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)相同點(diǎn)：第一，主觀性以實(shí)證性為基礎(chǔ)，，即主觀判斷來(lái)自于客觀來(lái)源，第二，施為性以說(shuō)話者為向?qū)�，施為性�?shí)質(zhì)是說(shuō)話者在表達(dá)對(duì)事件的態(tài)度，即在實(shí)施言語(yǔ)行為。第三，認(rèn)知情態(tài)梯度的相似性。第四，可能世界與認(rèn)知情態(tài)的關(guān)系，將從哲學(xué)思想出發(fā)探討，并找出中英文認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)的相同特征。 而本文的另一重要組成部分則為語(yǔ)言個(gè)性的研究，首先以中文中獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)氣詞開(kāi)始，強(qiáng)調(diào)中文認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)表達(dá)獨(dú)有的詞類(lèi)系統(tǒng)，接著從句法學(xué)角度找出了英漢認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)表達(dá)句法功能的不同點(diǎn)，即英語(yǔ)認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞句法更加固定而漢語(yǔ)認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞句中的位置更為靈活。最后從語(yǔ)義學(xué)角度出發(fā)，得出以下三點(diǎn)：一、漢語(yǔ)認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)詞的語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)大于英語(yǔ)認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)詞的語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)；二、漢語(yǔ)認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)詞中說(shuō)話者參與程度高于英語(yǔ)的認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)詞；三、英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)情態(tài)詞通過(guò)重復(fù)或添加來(lái)表達(dá)禮貌，而英語(yǔ)情態(tài)詞通過(guò)過(guò)去是來(lái)表達(dá)禮貌。 本文力求結(jié)合句法、語(yǔ)義、認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)、語(yǔ)用等相關(guān)知識(shí)，充分利用己有相關(guān)材料和成果加以對(duì)比和梳理，得出自己的結(jié)論，從而揭示英漢認(rèn)識(shí)情態(tài)表達(dá)系統(tǒng)的某些特點(diǎn)，為今后的進(jìn)一步研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, linguists have come to realize that language is not only a basic tool for people to understand the world, but also a basic form of information and attitude. Modality is not only a tool of communication, but also a reflection of human cognition. Modality is the subjective attitude expressed by the speaker to the true value of the proposition expressed by the sentence or the reality of the event. Cognitive modality is an assessment of whether a proposition occurs in the possible world, that is, the evaluator's understanding of the true value of a proposition. As the only biological person with language, language expression is determined by itself. Therefore, every sentence we say contains the attitude towards the content of the sentence and the attitude towards the hearer. Modal study is of great significance to the attitude of speaker and hearer. The research object of this paper is the expression of cognitive modality in Chinese and English. The cognitive modality refers to the modal expression that is systematic, closed and grammaticalized. Instead of all the fragmented, fragmented modal expressions associated with the tone. In this thesis, we make a contrastive analysis of the modality between English and Chinese. In order to select the typical corpus better, we will support the corpus of Brown BNC / writtenwriting and the corpus of modern Chinese, on the basis of previous theories, from the basic types of taxonomy. The cognitive modality is generally divided into modal verbs, modal adverbs, modal adjectives and some special sentence patterns that can express modality, as well as modal auxiliary words that only exist in Chinese. In addition, this paper will study the similarities between Chinese and English cognitive modes from a cognitive perspective: first, subjectivity is based on positivism, that is, subjective judgment comes from objective sources, and second, behaving is guided by the speaker. The essence of behavior is that the speaker expresses his attitude to the event, that is, the speech act. Thirdly, the similarity of cognitive modal gradient. Fourthly, the relationship between the possible world and the cognitive modality will be discussed from the philosophical point of view, and the same features of the cognitive modality in both Chinese and English will be found out. The other important part of this thesis is the study of language personality. First of all, it begins with the unique mood words in Chinese, emphasizing the unique part of speech system of Chinese cognitive modality expression. Then from the perspective of sentence jurisprudence, we find out the differences of syntactic functions between English and Chinese cognitive modality, that is, the syntax of English cognitive modal is more fixed and the position of Chinese cognitive modal is more flexible. Finally, from the perspective of semantics, the following three points are drawn: first, the semantic field of Chinese cognitive modality words is larger than that of English cognitive modality words; second, the speaker's participation in Chinese cognitive modality words is higher than that of English cognitive modality words; third, the semantic field of Chinese cognitive modality words is higher than that of English cognitive modality words. English Chinese modal words express politeness by repetition or addition, while English modal words express politeness through the past. This paper tries to combine syntactic, semantic, cognitive linguistics, pragmatics and other relevant knowledge, make full use of relevant materials and achievements to compare and comb, and draw its own conclusions, thus revealing some characteristics of the expression system of cognitive modality in English and Chinese. It will lay a foundation for further research in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H314;H146

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本文編號(hào)：1970413