本文選題：女性隱喻 + 人際修辭　； 參考：《四川外國語大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：女性隱喻是言說者利用女性的身份表達自己的觀點的一種語言現(xiàn)象。其中，女性所處的人際關系映射言說者所處的人際關系，女性在不同的人際關系中的規(guī)約化行為要求，相應地隱喻自己或者聽者所應采取的行為，即，交際意圖。比如朱慶馀的《近試上張水部》（廖仲安，李華，李景華，2007，p.522）就是運用女性隱喻的一個成功案例。 洞房昨夜停紅燭，待曉堂前拜舅姑。妝罷低聲問夫婿，畫眉深淺入時無。 此例中女性隱喻對應的映射是新婦和朱慶馀自己，舅姑和主考官，夫婿和張籍，畫眉好壞和朱慶馀才情怎樣，畫眉是否合乎公婆的心意和主考官是否會看中朱慶馀的才華，它亦是此女性隱喻的交際目的。由規(guī)約化了的婆媳關系可知，我們很容易理解新婦擔心她會否得到舅姑的歡心，同理，朱慶馀在面對主考官時為自己能否被主考官看中而忐忑不安也很容易理解。朱慶馀利用這個隱喻，將自己和張籍的關系置于新婚夫妻的關系之中，拉近了彼此之間的距離，增加了彼此的親密度。規(guī)約化了的妻子對丈夫的依賴和順從特點維護了對方的權(quán)威，滿足了張籍的積極面子需求。這樣一個女性隱喻展示了朱慶馀的才華和在人際交際上的努力，實現(xiàn)了自己的交際意圖。 作為一種間接言語手段，女性隱喻是古漢語中實現(xiàn)禮貌，滿足面子需求的重要方式。迄今為止，人們已經(jīng)從修辭，文化，文學方面對其進行多學科研究，很少有人將女性隱喻中的性別因素作為言說者在人際交往中的一種態(tài)度進行動態(tài)的人際修辭研究，這種動態(tài)體現(xiàn)在人際關系的變化之中。本文基于Leech (1983)的人際修辭（IR），主要涉及到禮貌原則（PP），反諷原則（IP）和調(diào)侃原則（BP），和BrownLevinson(1978)的面子理論（FST），結(jié)合顧曰國（1992）和王建華（2001,2002）對漢語禮貌的研究，尋找女性隱喻的語用機制。 本文分為五章，主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章是引言，介紹本文研究動機、研究對象、研究方法、所用語料、分析方法和結(jié)構(gòu)布局。 第二章為文獻綜述，回顧相關女性隱喻研究，分析這些研究所存在的的不足之處，發(fā)現(xiàn)本文研究的目的。 第三章是理論框架，介紹Leech（1983）的人際修辭理論，主要是禮貌原則，反諷原則和調(diào)侃原則，BrownLevinson（1978）的面子理論以及顧曰國（1992）對漢語禮貌的研究和王建華（2001，2002）的語用距離研究，以及其研究女性隱喻的可行性。 第四章是語料分析和討論。首先描寫為此項研究所搜集的286例女性隱喻現(xiàn)象，并通過女性所承擔的家庭角色和社會角色進行分類，挖掘其映射的人際關系以及言外之意，即，，在考慮到交際者所扮演的角色的社會規(guī)約性權(quán)利和義務的情況下，交際者應該要采取的行動。 第五章為結(jié)語，總結(jié)全文內(nèi)容，歸納本文的貢獻和意義，即，女性隱喻的語用機制，主要是以下三點： 1.言說者利用女性身上規(guī)約化了的優(yōu)勢如美貌，賢德等來隱喻言說者的才能和品質(zhì)，表現(xiàn)自己的價值，迎合了對方的需要，既滿足了對方的積極面子，又能表達想要被欣賞的意圖。 2.言說者利用女性身上規(guī)約化了的劣勢轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)勢，表面上看是在貶低自己，實際上是在間接表現(xiàn)自己的價值。積極的自我形象使一種潛在的威脅面子的行為滿足了對方的積極面子需求，達到雙贏的效果�；蛘哒喾矗哉f者利用女性未能履行某些規(guī)約性義務或者違背了某些規(guī)約性限制進行諷刺之事，盡量減低對對方面子威脅的程度。 3.言說者利用女性隱喻拉大言說者與聽者之間的距離，表示禮貌，滿足對方的積極面子需求，使雙方的語用距離呈現(xiàn)出一種動態(tài)的、可洽商的狀態(tài)，更好地維護甚至提高雙方的人際關系，達成交際目的。 顯然，本文同時對漢語禮貌和面子維護研究以及語用修辭研究做出了貢獻。最后，指出本文的不足，為將來的研究提出一些建議。
[Abstract]:Female metaphor is a language phenomenon that the speaker uses the identity of a woman to express his views. Among them, the interpersonal relationship of women is mapped by the interpersonal relationship of the speaker, the women's behavioral requirements in different interpersonal relationships, and the corresponding behavior, that is, the communicative intention. Qing Yu's near test Zhang Shui bu (Liao Zhongan, Li Hua, Li Jinghua, 2007, p.522) is a successful example of using feminine metaphor.
The bridal chamber stopped red candles last night, and asked the aunt before dawn.
In this case, the mapping of the female metaphor is the new woman and Zhu Qingyu himself, the uncle and the main examiner, the husband and the Zhang book, the good and bad of the thrush and the Zhu Qingyu's talent, whether the thrush meets the intention of the woman in law and whether the main examiner will look at Zhu Qingyu's talent, it is also the intersection of the female metaphor. It is easy to understand that the new woman is worried about whether she will be happy with her uncle. In the same way, Zhu Qingyu can easily understand whether she can be disturbed by the examiner when he faces the main examiner. Zhu Qingyu uses this metaphor to put the relationship between himself and the Zhang book in the relationship between the newlyweds, the distance between each other, and the increase of each other. The degree of intimacy. The regulated wife's dependence and obedience to her husband maintains the authority of the other party and satisfies the positive face of the Zhang. This female metaphor shows Zhu Qingyu's talent and interpersonal communication efforts and realizes his communicative intention.
As an indirect speech means, female metaphor is an important way to realize politeness in ancient Chinese and meet the needs of face. So far, people have studied it from the aspects of rhetorical, cultural and literary aspects. Few people take the gender factors in female metaphor as a dynamic person in the attitude of the speaker in interpersonal communication. It is based on Leech (1983)'s interpersonal rhetoric (IR), which mainly involves the politeness principle (PP), the irony principle (IP) and the ridicule principle (BP), and the face theory (FST) of BrownLevinson (1978), and the study of the politeness of Chinese in Japanese (1992) and Wang Jianhua (20012002) and the search for women The pragmatic mechanism of sexual metaphor.
This article is divided into five chapters, the main contents are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the motivation, object, method, corpus, method and structure of the research.
The second chapter is literature review, reviews related female metaphor studies, analyzes the shortcomings of these studies, and finds the purpose of this study.
The third chapter is the theoretical framework, which introduces the interpersonal rhetorical theory of Leech (1983), mainly politeness principle, irony principle and ridicule principle, BrownLevinson (1978) face theory as well as the study of Japanese politeness in Chinese (1992) and Wang Jianhua (20012002) pragmatic distance study, as well as the feasibility of studying female metaphor.
The fourth chapter is the analysis and discussion of the corpus. First, it describes 286 cases of female metaphors collected by this study, and classifies the family and social roles of women, and excavates the interpersonal relationship and the implication of their mapping, that is, the social statute rights and obligations of the roles played by the communicators. Next, the interlocutor should take action.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion, summarizing the content of the full text and concluding the contribution and significance of this article, that is, the pragmatic mechanism of female metaphor is mainly the following three points:
The 1. speakers make use of the advantages such as beauty, virtuous and virtuous, such as beauty, virtuous and virtuous, to demonstrate their abilities and qualities, to show their own value, to meet the needs of the other, to satisfy both the positive face of the other and to express the intention to be appreciated.
The 2. speaker, on the other hand, makes use of the inferiority of the women's statute. On the surface, it is to degrade himself, in fact, to show its own value. A positive self image makes a potential threat to face the positive face of the other. Or, on the contrary, the speaker uses women. It is possible to perform certain contractual obligations or violate certain restrictive restrictions to minimize irony.
The 3. speaker uses the female metaphor to draw the distance between the speaker and the listener to express politeness, to meet the positive face demand of the other, and to make the pragmatic distance of both parties present a dynamic and negotiable state, to better maintain and even improve the interpersonal relationship between the two parties, and to achieve the purpose of the transaction.
Obviously, this paper also contributes to the study of politeness and face maintenance and the study of pragmatic rhetoric at the same time. Finally, it points out the shortcomings of this article and puts forward some suggestions for future research.
【學位授予單位】：四川外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H15

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