本文選題：詞典 + 常用字　； 參考：《魯東大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會的發(fā)展和時代的進步，加上詞典收錄原則的不同，，20世紀以來漢字的讀音隨之發(fā)生了變化。而詞典正是漢字讀音發(fā)生變化的重要呈現(xiàn)資料，因此本文從漢字詞典讀音的角度進行統(tǒng)計分析，研究最常用千字讀音的變化。 我們選取了20世紀以來對漢字注音有重要影響的四部詞典，分別是《國音常用字匯》、《國語辭典》、《新華字典》、《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》。根據(jù)1988年《現(xiàn)代漢語常用字頻度統(tǒng)計》從中選取了最常用字1000個，然后對這1000個最常用字在四部詞典中的讀音作統(tǒng)計分析，整理出發(fā)生變化的常用字。從讀音數(shù)量和聲韻調(diào)系統(tǒng)方面對發(fā)生變化的常用字進行比較，總結(jié)出發(fā)生變化常用字的規(guī)律，試圖分析發(fā)生變化的原因。由此進一步規(guī)范漢字讀音，給詞典中漢字讀音的收錄原則提供一定的參考價值。 本文主要分為緒論、正文、結(jié)論三個大部分。緒論主要介紹了本文的研究對象、意義、本文研究所采取的研究方法、目前學術(shù)界對漢字讀音和詞典中漢字讀音的研究現(xiàn)狀以及本次研究所建立的語料庫的處理說明。 正文部分共分為三章，為本文的研究重點。前兩章主要是從讀音數(shù)量、規(guī)模、多音字的讀音數(shù)量、聲韻調(diào)系統(tǒng)對讀音發(fā)生變化的常用字進行比較分析。第二章是從《國音常用字匯》、《國語辭典》、《新華字典》1957版、《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》2005版中抽取的1000常用字的讀音做整體的歷時統(tǒng)計分析；第三章是主要選取解放后對漢語讀音有重要影響的詞典，根據(jù)1985《普通話異讀詞審音表》而選取有代表的《新華字典》版本和《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》版本。從《新華字典》1979版和《新華字典》2004版中1000常用字讀音做整體的歷時統(tǒng)計分析，《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》1978版和《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》2005版中常用字讀音做整體統(tǒng)計分析；第四章則是根據(jù)上述兩章統(tǒng)計的發(fā)生讀音變化的常用字，通過對比分析揭示造成差異的原因，主要從歷時、空間和人為因素對讀音發(fā)生變化的常用字分析歸類。 結(jié)論部分主要是對前幾章所作的整理研究分析進行了歸納總結(jié)，可以看出20世紀以來漢字讀音的差異在常用字中所占的比例，以及發(fā)生變化的常用字是否集中在多音字還是異讀詞中，同時也對多音字的讀音數(shù)量作了歷時的分析比較。在一定程度上為規(guī)范漢字讀音提供了一些參考，同時為以后詞典的注音也提供了具有研究意義的材料。
[Abstract]:With the development of the society and the progress of the times, the pronunciation of Chinese characters has changed since the 20th century. The dictionary is the important data for the phonetic changes of Chinese characters, so this paper makes a statistical analysis from the perspective of pronunciation of Chinese characters dictionaries, and studies the change of the pronunciation of the most commonly used thousand words. We have selected four dictionaries which have an important influence on the phonetic pronunciation of Chinese characters since the 20th century, namely, the Collection of Chinese characters, the Mandarin Dictionary, the Xinhua Dictionary, and the Modern Chinese Dictionary. According to the statistics of the frequency of frequently used characters in modern Chinese in 1988, 1000 most frequently used words were selected, and then the pronunciation of the 1000 most frequently used words in four dictionaries was statistically analyzed, and the frequently used words which changed were sorted out. From the aspects of pronunciation quantity and phonetic tone system, this paper makes a comparison of the frequently used words, sums up the law of changing common words, and tries to analyze the reasons for the changes. Therefore, it provides some reference value for the principle of Chinese pronunciation in dictionaries by standardizing the pronunciation of Chinese characters. This paper is divided into three major parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the research object and significance of this paper, the research methods adopted in this paper, the current research status of Chinese character pronunciation and Chinese character pronunciation in dictionaries in academic circles and the processing of the corpus established by this research. The text is divided into three chapters, which is the focus of this paper. In the first two chapters, the phonetic number, scale, pronunciation quantity of polyphonic characters and phonetic tone system are compared and analyzed. The second chapter is a diachronic statistical analysis of the pronunciation of 1000 frequently used words taken from the Chinese pronunciation, the Mandarin Dictionary, the Xinhua Dictionary 1957 and the 2005 edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary. The third chapter mainly selects the dictionary which has important influence on Chinese pronunciation after liberation, and selects the representative version of Xinhua Dictionary and the version of Modern Chinese Dictionary according to the 1985 "Putonghua disyllabic word Review list". From the 1979 edition of Xinhua Dictionary and 2004 edition of Xinhua Dictionary, 1000 regular word pronunciation is analyzed, 1978 edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary and 2005 edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary are used to make overall statistical analysis. The fourth chapter is based on the statistics of the above two chapters of the phonetic changes of the common words, through comparative analysis to reveal the causes of differences, mainly from the diachronic, spatial and human factors of the phonetic changes of the common word analysis and classification. The conclusion part mainly summarizes the research and analysis of the previous chapters, and shows the proportion of Chinese pronunciation differences in the common characters since the 20th century. And whether the frequently used words are concentrated in polysyllabic words or different pronounciations, the phonetic quantity of polysyllabic characters is also analyzed and compared in a diachronic way. To a certain extent, it provides some references for standardizing the pronunciation of Chinese characters, and also provides research material for the pronunciation of dictionaries in the future.
【學位授予單位】：魯東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H116

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