本文選題：五燈會元 + 疑問句�。� 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：本文采用定量與定性相結(jié)合、平面描寫與立體闡釋相結(jié)合、歷時比較與共時對比并重的方法,對禪宗文獻(xiàn)《五燈會元》中的疑問句進(jìn)行了窮盡、全面、系統(tǒng)的研究,并探討了《五燈會元》疑問句的特色和歷史地位。 論文除“緒論”、“余論”外共分十一章。 首先是緒論部分。簡單介紹了選題的緣起、《五燈會元》疑問句的研究現(xiàn)狀、論文的研究方法及語料選擇的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并在說明漢語疑問句分類的基礎(chǔ)上,確定了《五燈會元》疑問句的分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 第一、二章系統(tǒng)探討了特指詢問句。特指詢問句中的疑問代詞及其復(fù)合形式比較豐富,它們產(chǎn)生的時代涵蓋了上古、中古和近代漢語三個時期,在繼承前代的同時,疑問代詞有新發(fā)展,新興的疑問代詞為近代漢語注入了新鮮的活力。 第三章全面考察了是非詢問句。是非詢問句絕大多數(shù)使用形式標(biāo)記(疑問副詞、句尾疑問語氣詞),其中“還”字詢問句與句尾有疑問語氣詞的是非詢問句出現(xiàn)最為頻繁。 第四章探討了選擇詢問句。選擇詢問句中的關(guān)聯(lián)標(biāo)記“為、為當(dāng)、為復(fù)、為是、是”等均襲自前代�！笆恰弊诌x擇詢問句已走向成熟,初步形成了現(xiàn)代漢語選擇詢問句的典型格式。選擇詢問句前后兩項有著內(nèi)在的語義聯(lián)系,可分為正反型、反義型、次序型、顛倒型和語境型。 第五章論述了正反詢問句。在全面描寫"VPNegVP?"與"VPNeg?"兩種句式的基礎(chǔ)上,著重探討了"VPNeg?"式句尾否定詞的虛化問題,并參考前人的研究成果,提出了自己的判定原則。 第六章考察了測度詢問句。近代漢語中新興的“莫”系句居于主要地位,且形式多樣、富于變化。本章詳細(xì)討論了“莫”系句句尾“Neg”的虛化問題,認(rèn)為句尾“Neg”已經(jīng)虛化為語氣詞。 第七章全面探討了反詰問句。特指反詰問句中的疑問代詞及其復(fù)合形式源自不同的時代層次,且有表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的反詰標(biāo)記“況”、“況復(fù)”、“豈況”等。是非反詰問句多使用反詰標(biāo)記�！蹲嫣眉分械摹�(K)VP那作摩?”式選擇反詰問句在《五燈會元》中省略了句尾“作摩”變成了是非反詰問句,很可能是編撰者考慮到南北方言差異,為普及傳法從而省略了句尾“作摩”。 第八章主要考察了設(shè)問句、附加問句、招呼問句和感嘆問句等四種特殊疑問句。設(shè)問句絕大多數(shù)以特指設(shè)問句形式出現(xiàn)。附加問句形式多樣,構(gòu)成方式也比較復(fù)雜。招呼問句口語性較強(qiáng),至今仍鮮活地存在于現(xiàn)代漢語口語和書面語當(dāng)中。感嘆問句使用頻率不高,但從語用角度來說,它所表達(dá)的感嘆語氣及其強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩是其他疑問句所不能取代的。 第九章專門討論了疑問句句尾語氣詞。新興的語氣詞“麼”使用頻率最高,“否”、“無”在測度詢問句中已經(jīng)虛化為語氣詞。句尾語氣詞主要集中于是非詢問句。 第十、十一兩章從共時、歷時兩個角度將《五燈會元》與《朱子語類》、《五燈會元》與《祖堂集》進(jìn)行了比較研究,發(fā)掘共性,凸顯個性,從而揭示了《五燈會元》疑問句的特色和歷史地位。 最后是余論。這一部分總結(jié)了論文的主要結(jié)論,指出了論文的不足之處以及有待進(jìn)一步研究的方面。
[Abstract]:This article uses the combination of quantitative and qualitative, plane description and stereoscopic interpretation, diachronic comparison and synchronic contrast, and makes exhaustive, comprehensive and systematic study of the question sentence in the five lantern element of Zen Buddhism, and discusses the special and historical status of the "five lantern yuan > question".
Besides the introduction and the remaining theory, the thesis is divided into eleven chapters.
The first is the introduction part. It briefly introduces the origin of the topic, the research status of "five lantern yuan > question", the research method of the paper and the standard of the selection of the corpus, and on the basis of the classification of the interrogative sentences in Chinese, determines the classification standard of the "five lantern yuan > question".
The first, second chapter systematically discusses the interrogative questions. The interrogative pronouns in the interrogative sentences and their complex forms are relatively rich. Their generation covers three periods of ancient, medieval and modern Chinese. In the meantime, the interrogative pronouns have developed new, and the new questioning pronouns have injected fresh vitality into modern Chinese.
The third chapter examines the non interrogative sentence. It is the most common form of non interrogative sentences (interrogative adverbs, sentence tail interrogative words), of which the "return" question and the end of the interrogative words are the most frequent.
The fourth chapter discusses the choice of inquiry sentences. The selection of interrogative sentences in the interrogative sentence, "for, to be, to be, to be, is,", is all from the previous generation. The "yes" choice inquiry sentence has become mature and has initially formed a typical form of modern Chinese choice inquiry sentence. The two items have internal semantic links before and after the choice of inquiry sentences, which can be divided into positive and negative types. Meaning, order, invert and context.
The fifth chapter discusses the positive and negative inquiries. On the basis of a comprehensive description of the two sentence patterns of "VPNegVP?" and "VPNeg?", the deficiency of the "VPNeg?" sentence is emphatically discussed, and the principle of judgment is put forward with reference to the achievements of previous research.
The sixth chapter examines the measure inquiry sentence. In modern Chinese, the new "Mo" lines are in the main position, and the form is diverse and rich in change. This chapter discusses the deficiency of "Neg" in the end of the "MOH" sentence in detail, and thinks that the "Neg" at the end of the sentence has been turned into a mood word.
The seventh chapter deals with interrogative questions in a comprehensive way. The interrogative pronouns and their complex forms in the interrogative questions originate from different levels of the times, and there is a cross examination marking "state", "situation" and "situation". "Five lantern yuan" has omitted the sentence "making friction" turned into a question of non - rhetorical question. It is likely that the compiler takes into account the differences between the north and the south, and thus omits the end of the sentence for the popularization of the law.
The eighth chapter mainly investigates four special interrogative sentences, such as interrogative sentences, additional questions, greeting questions and exclamation questions. The overwhelming majority of the question sentences appear in the form of special questions. The form of additional questions is diverse and the form is more complex. The greeting questions are more spoken in spoken language and still live vividly in the spoken and written Chinese in modern Chinese. The frequency of exclamatory questions is not high, but from the pragmatic point of view, the exclamatory mood and strong emotional expression it expresses can not be replaced by other interrogative sentences.
The ninth chapter specializes in the tail language of interrogative sentences. The new tone word "Mo" is used most frequently, "no", "no" in the measure inquiry sentence has already been emptied into the mood word. The sentence tail mood word mainly concentrates on the non inquiry sentence.
The tenth, eleventh and two chapters make a comparative study of "five lanterns" and "Zhu Zi", < five lanterns > and < ancestral Collection > from two angles, and explore the commonness and highlight the personality, thus revealing the characteristics and historical status of the "five lantern yuan > question".
The last part is the remaining theory. This part summarizes the main conclusions of the paper, and points out the shortcomings of the paper and the areas to be further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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