本文選題：“A是B之一” + 句法結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：日常生活中常常聽到諸如“他是我們學(xué)校最帥的男生之一�！薄爸袊�(guó)是世界上最大的國(guó)家之一�！鳖愃频木涫健Ｈ欢�,在傳統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)范中它們是否“合法’是有爭(zhēng)議的,也就是極量副詞“最”能否和“之一”搭配的問(wèn)題,前人對(duì)此已有論述,但未注意到“之一”在這類句式中的作用,更沒(méi)有沒(méi)有對(duì)包含“之一”的判斷歸類句做全面的考察。本文以此作為切入點(diǎn),在梳理前人研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,通過(guò)大量語(yǔ)料的分析,主要運(yùn)用定量描寫和定性分析相結(jié)合的方法從句法結(jié)構(gòu)形式、語(yǔ)義功能、語(yǔ)用意義以及轉(zhuǎn)換比較研究等角度對(duì)“A是B之一”句式進(jìn)行了描寫解釋,并詳細(xì)分析了它與相關(guān)句式的不同之處,在以下幾個(gè)方面提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)： 1.“A是B之一”結(jié)構(gòu)中A的句法結(jié)構(gòu)類型比B要豐富得多,它可以由名詞及名詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、代詞和一些形容詞等來(lái)充當(dāng),而B的成分則主要是偏正結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞性短語(yǔ)、光桿名詞和極個(gè)別述賓短語(yǔ)�！癆是B之一”中的“是”一般不出現(xiàn)否定形式,可以受副詞修飾,還可以用“為”、“系”等替換。整個(gè)“A是B之一”格式既可以單獨(dú)作為小句存在,也可以作為句內(nèi)的成分或分句而出現(xiàn),多數(shù)情況下做小句�！癆是B之一”在其7種相關(guān)句式中數(shù)量占優(yōu)勢(shì)。 2.“之一”具有[+部分]義素。“A是B之一”的語(yǔ)義特征是表示歸類,其內(nèi)部又可以根據(jù)A是體詞還是非體詞性成分分為真同歸類和準(zhǔn)同歸類兩類,不能表示存在、等同、描寫和說(shuō)明。這是由該格式自身以及A、B之間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系決定的。 3.A是主題,“之一”是“A是B之一”要表達(dá)的焦點(diǎn),發(fā)話人交際的目的是凸顯A屬于B這一范圍,所以應(yīng)該重視A�！白頧N,沒(méi)有之一”、“最……之一”、“……之一”言說(shuō)對(duì)象的范圍不同：第一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)僅僅強(qiáng)調(diào)表示處于頂點(diǎn)位置的XN；第二個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示靠近最高量級(jí)的一部分；第三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示整個(gè)范圍內(nèi)的任意點(diǎn)。我們?cè)噲D由此揭示“A是B之一”更加符合漢語(yǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)準(zhǔn)確而不夸張的交際心理�！癆是B之一”句式中A作為主題反映了發(fā)話人交際視點(diǎn)的移動(dòng),同時(shí)也使受話人明確了關(guān)涉對(duì)象,引入了主題�！癆是B之一”一般是陳述句,在極個(gè)別疑問(wèn)句中作為句內(nèi)成分使用,少數(shù)情況下,因陳述者感情的強(qiáng)烈可見(jiàn)于感嘆句,沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到祈使句的例句。 4.“A是B”、“A是B之一”、“A是(一)量B”在一定的條件下可以替換。傾向使用“A是B”或“A是(一)量B”的條件是：(1)當(dāng)A為個(gè)體時(shí),表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是A的“質(zhì)”而非“量”或者B的可及性很低；(2)A為非個(gè)體。傾向使用“A是B之一”的條件是：(1)表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是A的“量”而非“質(zhì)”； (2)B中不含“集體”概念詞語(yǔ),用其他兩種形式可誤解為等同；(3)用其他兩種形式不合交際心理需求。三種形式都可以使用的情況是：(1)B中含有“集體”概念詞語(yǔ),用其他兩種形式不致誤解為等同；(2)社會(huì)交際心理需求的發(fā)展變化。在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)B的組成成分中有無(wú)表示“集體”概念詞語(yǔ)是制約“A是B之一”和“A是B”或“A是(一)量B”轉(zhuǎn)換的重點(diǎn),能否轉(zhuǎn)換同時(shí)還受社會(huì)的發(fā)展,人們交際的心理和方式影響。
[Abstract]:Everyday life is often heard, such as "he is one of the most handsome boys in our school." "China is one of the largest countries in the world." similar sentences. However, it is controversial whether they are "legitimate" in the traditional grammatical norms, that is, the problem of the maximum adverb "most" and "one". There is no attention to the role of "one" in this type of sentence, but not a comprehensive investigation of the category sentence containing "one". As a breakthrough point, this paper, on the basis of combing the predecessors' research, through the analysis of a large number of corpus, mainly uses the method of combining quantitative description and qualitative analysis from the syntax to the syntax. The structural form, the semantic function, the pragmatic meaning and the comparative study of the transformation are described and interpreted in terms of "A is one of the B" sentence patterns, and the differences between it and the related sentence patterns are analyzed in detail, and their views are put forward in the following aspects:
1. "A is one of the B" structures, the syntactic structure of A is much more abundant than B. It can be used as a noun and noun phrase, verb and verb phrase, pronoun and some adjectives, while B is mainly a nominal noun phrase, a light pole noun and a very individual predicate phrase. "Yes" in "A is one of B" is generally not. There is a negative form, which can be modified by adverbs, and can be replaced by "for" or "department". The whole "A is one of B" format can either exist as a clause alone or as an element or clause within a sentence. In most cases, a clause is made. "A is one of B" in its 7 related sentence patterns.
2. "one" has [+ partial] sememe. "A is one of the B" semantic features is to represent the classification, which can be divided into two categories according to A or non body parts, which can not represent existence, equivalence, description and explanation. This is determined by the semantic relationship between the body of the format and the A, B.
3.A is the theme, "one" is the focus of "A is one of B". The purpose of the speaker's communication is to highlight the extent that A belongs to B, so we should attach importance to A. "the most XN, no one", "the most. One", and "one". The range of the object is different: the first structure only emphasizes the XN in the vertex position; the second structure It can be expressed as a part of the highest order of magnitude; third structures can represent any point in the whole range. We try to reveal that "A is one of B" more conforms to the accurate and not exaggerated communicative psychology of Chinese economy. "A is one of the B" sentence patterns, as a theme that reflects the movement of the speaker's Communicative View and also makes the recipient. The subject is clearly defined. "A is one of the B" is generally a declarative sentence, used as an internal component in a few interrogative sentences. In a few cases, the declarator's feelings are strongly seen in exclamatory sentences and no examples of the imperative sentences.
4. "A is B", "A is one of B", "A is (1) B" can be replaced under certain conditions. The tendency to use "A is B" or "A is (one)" B "is: (1) when A is an individual, the expression emphasizes the" quality "of A, not" quantity "or" the accessibility "is very low; (2) it is a non individual. Tendencies tend to use" one of those "conditions are (1) expression emphasizes A's "quantity" rather than "quality".
(2) there is no "collective" concept in B, which can be misunderstood in the other two forms; (3) the other two forms of uncommunicative psychological needs. The three forms can be used: (1) B contains the "collective" concept words, and the other two forms are not mistaken as equivalent; (2) the development and change of social communication psychological needs. In a certain period of time, whether there is a "collective" concept in the composition of B is the key to restricting the transformation of "A is one of B" and "A is B" or "A is (one) quantity B". Whether the conversion is also influenced by the social development and the psychological and mode of people's communication at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146.2

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