本文選題：“被”字句 + 語(yǔ)義“把”字句　； 參考：《北京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：關(guān)于“被”字句的句式語(yǔ)義,傳統(tǒng)的說(shuō)法是表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系,如今越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為是表示致使。但我們發(fā)現(xiàn),這兩種說(shuō)法都不能概括住所有的“被”字句,“被”字句的句式語(yǔ)義并不是單一的。那么是什么原因?qū)е铝恕氨弧弊志渚涫秸Z(yǔ)義的多樣性呢?“被”字句的句式語(yǔ)義究竟有哪些類(lèi)型呢?這幾種類(lèi)型的句式語(yǔ)義之間又存在什么樣的擴(kuò)展演變關(guān)系呢?本文通過(guò)共時(shí)和歷時(shí)語(yǔ)料的搜集和分析,嘗試解答這三個(gè)問(wèn)題。 我們認(rèn)為,“被”字句句式語(yǔ)義的多樣性與其為主動(dòng)句、“把”字句等多種句式的對(duì)應(yīng)句式有關(guān),并據(jù)此對(duì)其句式語(yǔ)義進(jìn)行了共時(shí)的分類(lèi)和描寫(xiě),接著通過(guò)歷時(shí)的考察來(lái)進(jìn)一步探究這些句式語(yǔ)義之間的擴(kuò)展演變關(guān)系。從共時(shí)的角度來(lái)看,“被”字句的句式語(yǔ)義,可根據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)句式的不同分為一般被動(dòng)、致使被動(dòng)和遭遇被動(dòng)三種類(lèi)型,不過(guò)這三種類(lèi)型之間也存在一些中間類(lèi)型。此外,我們還將致使性“被”字句和“把”字句進(jìn)行了比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)二者在致使情景觀察視角和致使性的強(qiáng)弱方面存在差異。從歷時(shí)的角度來(lái)看,一般性“被”字句大約于戰(zhàn)國(guó)末期萌芽,西漢時(shí)期開(kāi)始向致使被動(dòng)擴(kuò)展,六朝時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了典型的致使性“被”字句,到唐五代時(shí)逐漸完成了源自大部分一般性“被”字句的語(yǔ)義擴(kuò)展。此外,隨著一般性“被”字句和致使性“被”字句的發(fā)展,二者中分別有少數(shù)在唐五代時(shí)期開(kāi)始向遭遇被動(dòng)擴(kuò)展和演變,并在南宋時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了典型的遭遇性“被”字句。遭遇性“被”字句產(chǎn)生并獲得一定發(fā)展之后,到現(xiàn)代逐漸消亡了。另外,我們還對(duì)一般被動(dòng)向致使被動(dòng)和遭遇被動(dòng)擴(kuò)展、致使被動(dòng)向遭遇被動(dòng)演變以及遭遇被動(dòng)的式微等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了嘗試性解釋。
[Abstract]:As for the sentence semantics of "Bei", the traditional way of saying is passive relationship, now more and more people think it means causation. However, we find that neither of these two statements can generalize all the "be" sentences, and the sentence semantics of the "be" sentences are not single. So what is the reason for the semantic diversity of the sentence "be"? What are the types of sentence semantics of "Bei" sentence? What kind of extended evolutionary relationship exists between these types of sentence semantics? This paper attempts to answer these three questions through the collection and analysis of synchronic and diachronic corpus. We think that the variety of semantic forms of "Bei" sentence is related to its active sentence, "Ba" sentence and other corresponding sentence patterns, and the synchronic classification and description of its syntactic semantics. Then, through the diachronic investigation, we further explore the extended and evolving relationship between these syntactic semantics. From the synchronic point of view, the sentence semantics of "Bei" sentence can be divided into three types according to the different corresponding sentence patterns, which result in three types of passive and encountering passivity, but there are some intermediate types among the three types. In addition, we compare the causative "Bei" sentence with the "Ba" sentence, and find that there are differences between them in the perspective of causative situational observation and the strength of causality. From a diachronic point of view, the general sentence "Bei" began to sprout at the end of the warring States period, and the Western Han Dynasty began to expand passively to cause, and the typical causative "Bei" sentence appeared in the six dynasties. By the Tang and the five dynasties, the semantic expansion of most of the general "Bei" sentences had been completed. In addition, with the development of the general "Bei" sentence and the causative "Bei" sentence, a few of them began to expand and evolve to encounter passively during the Tang and five dynasties, and a typical encounter "Bei" sentence appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. After the emergence and development of encounter word "be", it gradually died out in modern times. In addition, we also try to explain some problems such as passive and encountering passive expansion, passive evolution and passive decline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146

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本文編號(hào)：1914036