本文選題：怎么 + 現(xiàn)代漢語��； 參考：《復旦大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前語法學界對現(xiàn)代漢語疑問句的研究已經(jīng)取得了不少研究成果,其中包括對疑問句中疑問詞的研究。盡管如此,在這些已有研究成果中,日常生活中常見的現(xiàn)代漢語疑問詞“怎么”的研究卻并不常見。雖然邵敬敏等學者在研究現(xiàn)代漢語疑問詞的時候提到過“怎么”,但是對于留學生來說僅靠這些研究還是不能夠讓人滿意。據(jù)我們所了解,現(xiàn)代漢語疑問詞“怎么”,可以分析為疑問用法、非疑問用法和反問用法三種。疑問用法又主要分為詢問方式和詢問原因,除此之外,疑問用法還有存在于間接問句中的情況。根據(jù)我們的考察,間接問句有三種不同的格式：“怎么……都/也……”格式、“無論/不管/隨/隨便/任/任憑……怎么……”格式、“無論/不管……怎么……都/也/總/總是／還……”格式�！霸趺础背艘蓡栍梅ㄖ�,還有非疑問用法,并且非疑問用法并非是偶然的語法現(xiàn)象。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,在500萬字的現(xiàn)代漢語語料中,使用“怎么”的實例有三千多條,其中65%的句子是不負載疑問信息的情況。既然非疑問用法使用如此廣泛,那么疑問用法與非疑問用法都同樣值得重視。本文認為非疑問用法可以分為不定代詞用法和回指用法,其中不定代詞用法又可以分為與“不知”、“不知道”、“不曉得”等連用和與“想”等心理動詞連用的兩種用法。接下來我們考察了現(xiàn)代漢語疑問詞“怎么”的反問用法。反問用法可以分為：“(前提句),怎么+能愿動詞+VP”格式、“VP”和“(前提句),怎么+VP”格式、“(前提句),怎么+副詞+VP”格式、“(前提句),怎么+這么/這樣+VP”格式。疑問用法、非疑問用法和反問用法這三種不同用法的“怎么”在日常用語中都非常常見,本文通過綜述前人的研究成果和對疑問詞“怎么”的分類,對日常用語中的常見例句進行具體分析,重新總結(jié)出了“怎么”的語法特點。 本文最后還把現(xiàn)代漢語疑問詞“怎么”在韓語中的表達方式進行了分析,從而得出了它們之間的異同。在分析過程中,我們主要分兩步進行。第一步以韓國最為常用的高麗大學民族文化研究院的《中韓詞典》為依托,分析出韓語當中使用現(xiàn)代漢語疑問詞“怎么”的方法。第二步以第二章到第四章中所研究出的現(xiàn)代漢語疑問詞“怎么”的語法特點為主要研究對象,分析出這些用法的“怎么”翻譯成韓語后會產(chǎn)生的表達方式,然后與《中韓詞典》中的“怎么”進行對比。從中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了《中韓詞典》中五種不存在的表達方式：“(?)”、(?)(?)”。通過這樣的對比分析,更突出了漢語疑問詞“怎么”的特點。希望我們的研究對學習或研究現(xiàn)代漢語疑問詞“怎么”的問題能夠有所幫助。
[Abstract]:At present, many achievements have been made in the study of interrogative sentences in modern Chinese, including the research on interrogative words in interrogative sentences. However, among the existing research results, the modern Chinese interrogative word "how" is not common in daily life. Although scholars such as Shao Jingmin have mentioned "how" when studying the interrogative words in modern Chinese, it is still not satisfactory for foreign students to rely on these studies. As far as we know, the interrogative word "how" in modern Chinese can be analyzed as interrogative usage, non-interrogative usage and counter-questioning usage. Interrogative usage is mainly divided into inquiry mode and inquiring reason. In addition, interrogative usage also exists in indirect question sentence. According to our investigation, indirect questions have three different formats: "how." All / also. " Format, "whatever / whatever." What? " Format, "regardless / regardless." What? All / and / or always / return. " Format. Besides interrogative usage, there is non-interrogative usage, and non-interrogative usage is not an accidental grammatical phenomenon. According to statistics, in 5 million words of modern Chinese corpus, there are more than three thousand examples of using "how to", of which 65% of sentences are not loaded with interrogative information. Since non-interrogative usage is so widely used, both interrogative usage and non-interrogative usage deserve attention. This paper holds that the use of non-interrogative pronouns can be divided into indefinite pronouns and anaphora usages, among which the use of indefinite pronouns can be divided into two kinds of usages: "not knowing", "not knowing" and "thinking" and so on. Then we examine the rhetorical usage of the interrogative word "how" in modern Chinese. The use of counter-questioning can be divided into: "(presupposition sentence, how can we wish verb VP" format, "VP" and "(premise sentence, how VP" format, "(premise sentence, how adverb VP" format "), How can you do this / so VP? The "how" of the three different usages of interrogative usage, non-interrogative usage and rhetorical usage are all very common in everyday language. This paper summarizes the previous research results and classifies the interrogative word "how". This paper makes a concrete analysis of the common examples of daily use, and summarizes the grammatical features of "how". In the end, the paper analyzes the expression of the interrogative word "how" in modern Chinese, and draws the similarities and differences between them. In the process of analysis, we mainly divided into two steps. The first step is based on the Korean Dictionary of China and Korea, which is the most commonly used Korean culture research institute of Korea University, and analyzes the method of using the question word "how" in Korean. In the second step, the grammatical characteristics of the interrogative word "how" in modern Chinese, which are studied in chapters two to four, are taken as the main objects of study, and the expressions of the "how" of these usage are analyzed when they are translated into Korean. And then compared with the "how" in the "Chinese and Korean Dictionary". We find five non-existent expressions in the Chinese-Korean Dictionary: "Li Li" ("Li Wei"). Through this kind of contrast analysis, has highlighted the Chinese interrogative word "how" the characteristic. It is hoped that our research will be helpful to the study of the question of "how" in modern Chinese.
【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1913862