本文選題：“為了” + “因為”��； 參考：《中南民族大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：虛詞研究歷來是漢語語法研究的熱門之一。連詞和介詞是漢語虛詞的兩個大類，產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展又有自身的特點。但漢語中對于表原因用法的“為了”，各家著文立說，各持己見。“為了”這個詞是一個兼表介詞和連詞的，可見在用法上不免有糾葛之處；再者，，就參照系“因為”而言，它也是一個兼表介連詞性的虛詞。因此，漢語中“為了”既可表示原因，又可表示目的，這與專表原因的“因為”在使用過程中就產(chǎn)生了不少混亂的現(xiàn)象。究其原因在于： （1）語言中目的關(guān)系內(nèi)在隱含著因果性，同因果關(guān)系既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別。目的關(guān)系主要表現(xiàn)為主觀傾向性，含有預期性及能動性；而因果關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為客觀傾向性，不含有預期性及能動性。 （2）“為了”和“因為”這兩個詞都兼有連介功能。這兩個詞的共同特點是不管作連詞還是介詞，表示原因（或目的）的意義沒有什么變化，不同的只是語法功能，一定程度上也制約了二者在分工上的明確性。 （3）從歷時的角度來看，“為了”和“因為”都是從先秦的實詞“為”和“因”通過語法化的過程虛化而來的，隨著漢語詞匯逐漸復音化的趨勢，“為”和“因”逐漸被復音詞“為了”、“因為”所取代。由于“為”的功能未分化，使得“為了”和“因為”在語法功能上又有相似之處。 在現(xiàn)代漢語中，“為了”和“因為”在很多情況下可以互換，而且似乎差別不大。但它們既然是兩個有著不同語形的詞，且同時存在，就必然有不同的意義差別，有不同的作用和表達效果。然而，這個問題現(xiàn)代漢語語法學界的討論還不多。本文正是基于這一實踐需要而撰寫。 本文所討論的“為了”與“因為”的用法比較，是指“為了”的因事用法與專表原因的“因為”在漢語中的使用情況的比勘。 第一章主要從理論上來討論原因、目的兩個概念，并試著從哲學和語言表達兩個層面來解釋目的關(guān)系與因果關(guān)系之間存在的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別，以便對后文關(guān)于“為了”與“因為”用法上是否替換的問題打下理論基礎(chǔ)。 第二章主要是對“為了”的介連詞性進行分析和界定。首先從理論上來界定介詞和連詞，以及這兩類詞的區(qū)別所在，為“為了”和“因為”這兩個兼類詞自身存在的隱性差異提供了理論依據(jù)。其次從“為了”的介連詞性分析入手，來界定“為了”所介引對象以及與所介引成分之間構(gòu)成介詞結(jié)構(gòu)時對對象的選擇，從而來判定何種情況下，“為了”是作介詞還是作連詞。 第三章著力于對“因為”及相關(guān)格式的研究。首先從“因”的意義入手，分析它表原因時的介連用法；接著再結(jié)合“因為”在漢語中的句法表現(xiàn)形式來判定它作介詞或連詞時的句法特征和語義功能。 第四章主要分析因事“為了”與“因為”用法比較。這一章首先從“為”的義項及表原因的用法入手，指出“為了”表示原因的用法與其表目的相比所占比率很少的事實。接著再從“為了”的具體語義來分析其與“因為”混用的情況，進而探討了二者在使用上的交錯現(xiàn)象。顧名思義，這一章我們是在明確了“為了”與“因為”各自表原因時的詞性基礎(chǔ)上展開論述的。 第五章從歷時角度來探討“為了”、“因為”虛詞用法的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展。通過大量語言事實的分析得出“因、因為”表示原因，“為、為了/著”表示目的的分工是近二百年間的變化，不管是介詞還是連詞都有雙音化發(fā)展，是受到漢語詞匯雙音化“沿流”的影響。揭示了現(xiàn)代漢語中之所以在運用上“為了”和“因為”會產(chǎn)生混亂，是因為“為”的功能未分化而造成的。 最后一章是結(jié)論。本章對本文的研究內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，指出論文的創(chuàng)新之處的同時還提出了論文本身存在的不足（即目前尚未解決的需要進一步研究的問題）。
[Abstract]:The study of the function words has always been one of the hot topics in the study of Chinese grammar. Conjunctions and prepositions are two major categories of Chinese function words, and their production and development have their own characteristics. There are some tangled points; moreover, it is also a function word in terms of the word character of the reference system. Therefore, the "for" in Chinese can not only express the reason but also express the purpose, which causes a lot of confusion in the course of the use of the cause of the special table. The reason is that:
(1) the purpose relationship in the language is implicitly implied and causality, and there are both connections and differences in causality. The purpose of the relationship is mainly subjective tendency, which contains anticipation and activeness, while causality is an objective tendency, without anticipation and activity.
(2) both of the two words "for" and "cause" are both mediating functions. The common characteristics of the two words are that no matter whether they are conjunctions or prepositions, there is no change in the meaning of the cause (or purpose), but the difference is only the grammatical function, to a certain extent, it also restricts the clarity of the two in the division.
(3) from a diachronic point of view, "for" and "because" are both the "for" and "cause" through the process of grammaticalization, with the gradual polysyllabic trend of Chinese vocabulary, "for" and "cause" are gradually replaced by the "for" and "because", because the function of "for" is undifferentiated. There are similarities in grammatical function between "Wei" and "Yin".
In modern Chinese, "for" and "because" can be interchangeable in many cases and seem to have little difference. But since they are two different words with different forms and exist at the same time, there must be different meaning differences, different functions and expression effects. However, this question is not much discussed in the modern Chinese grammar circle. This article is written on the basis of the need for practice.
The comparison of the use of "for" and "cause" in this article refers to the comparison of the use of "for" for the use of "for" and "because" in Chinese.
The first chapter mainly discusses the two concepts of cause and purpose from the theory, and tries to explain the relation and difference between the purpose and the causality from two aspects of philosophy and language expression, so as to lay a theoretical foundation for the later questions about whether the use of "for" and "because" is replaced.
The second chapter is mainly to analyze and define the part of the word "for". First, we define the prepositions and conjunctions in theory, and the difference between the two types of words, and provide the theoretical basis for the hidden differences between the "for" and "because" of the two concurrently words. To determine the choice of objects when the object is introduced to the object and the Prepositional Structure between the introduced components and the mediator, so as to determine in what case, "for" is a preposition or a conjunction.
The third chapter focuses on the study of "cause" and related formats. First, it begins with the meaning of "cause" and analyzes the introduction of its reasons. Then, the syntactic features and semantic power of the prepositions or conjunctions are judged by the syntactic representation of "because" in Chinese.
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the use of "for" and "cause". This chapter begins with the use of the meaning of "for" and the usage of the cause of the table, and points out the fact that the usage of the reason is very little compared to the purpose of the cause. Then it analyzes the situation of the mixed use of "because" from the specific meaning of "for". Moreover, the interlaced phenomenon of the two is discussed. As the name suggests, we are discussing the part of the word on the basis of the reasons for the "for" and "because".
The fifth chapter discusses the generation and development of the use of "because" and "because" from a diachronic point of view. Through the analysis of a large number of linguistic facts, "because, because" is the cause, the division of labor for the purpose of "for, for" is a change in the last two hundred years, both the prepositions and the conjunctions have diyllabic development, which are Chinese vocabulary pairs. In modern Chinese, the reason why the use of "for" and "because" in the use of chaos in modern Chinese is caused by the undifferentiated function of "for".
The last chapter is the conclusion. This chapter summarizes the research content of this paper, points out the innovation of the paper and also puts forward the shortcomings of the paper itself (that is, the problem that needs further study that is not yet resolved at present).

【學位授予單位】：中南民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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