本文選題：外來詞 + 漢德對比��； 參考：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：語言作為一個開放的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)一直處在不斷地發(fā)展與變化中。當(dāng)今世界國際社會間各方面交流日益擴大,在語言當(dāng)中的一個突出反應(yīng)是外來詞數(shù)量的顯著增加。作為詞匯系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,外來詞的研究一直受到各學(xué)者的關(guān)注,從各個層面對其進行了深入研究并取得了豐富的成果,但同時也還存在著不少分歧。本文以現(xiàn)代漢語及現(xiàn)代德語的外來詞作為研究對象,選取《漢語外來語詞典》、《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》(第5版)和《Duden:Das Fremdworterbuch》(9. Auflage)中收錄的外來詞,在歸納前人對漢德外來語研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對漢德外來詞的對比分析來揭示兩種語言的異同之處,進一步觀察漢德語言的基本特點。 漢德語言都是從音、形、義三方面引入外來詞,與德語中的借音詞有所不同,漢字自身的表義性在外來詞引入過程中會產(chǎn)生積極或消極的影響,因此人們一方面有意識地選擇某些特定的漢字以引起或避免望文生義,另一方面新創(chuàng)一些漢字而使字形意化。外來詞進入本族語詞匯之后在語音、語義、語法方面都會受到本族語的影響,與本族語融合。外來詞在不同語言中的融合程度是不相同的�？偟膩碚f,在外來詞對漢德語言的影響方面,德語受外來詞的影響更深。同時外來詞在與本族語融合的同時也會對本族語產(chǎn)生某些影響。在這方面,外來詞對漢語的影響相對較輕,而對德語的影響更大,這種情況是由本族語與外來詞語源在語言類型上的差別引起的,同時也與外來詞在漢德詞匯中所占比重關(guān)系密切。 隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,各國家民族之間的接觸不斷深化,外來詞的借入也會變得愈加頻繁,使用領(lǐng)域?qū)⒂訌V泛,同時外來詞的融合過程也會以更快的速度完成。
[Abstract]:As an open dynamic system, language is constantly developing and changing. Nowadays, the communication between the international community in the world is expanding day by day, and a prominent response in language is the significant increase in the number of loanwords. As an important part of the lexical system, the study of loanwords has been paid much attention by scholars. Taking the loanwords of modern Chinese and modern German as the research object, this paper chooses the Chinese loan Dictionary, the Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th Edition) and the < Duden:Das Fremdworterbuch > 9. On the basis of summarizing the previous researches on the Chinese and German loanwords, this paper reveals the similarities and differences between the two languages through the contrastive analysis of the Chinese and German loanwords, and further observes the basic characteristics of the Chinese and German languages. The Chinese and German languages all introduce loanwords from the aspects of sound, form and meaning, which are different from the borrowed words in German. The expressive meanings of Chinese characters have a positive or negative effect in the process of introducing loanwords. Therefore, on the one hand, people consciously choose certain Chinese characters to cause or avoid the meaning, on the other hand, they create some new characters to make the character meaning. After entering the native vocabulary, the loanwords will be influenced by the native language in phonological, semantic and grammatical aspects. The degree of fusion of loanwords in different languages is different. In general, the influence of loanwords on the Chinese and German languages is more profound. At the same time, the loanwords have some influence on the native language when they merge with the native language. In this respect, the influence of loanwords on Chinese is relatively light, and that on German is greater. This situation is caused by the differences in language types between native and loanwords. At the same time, it is closely related to the proportion of loanwords in Hande vocabulary. With the development of economy, the contact between nations and nations is deepening, the borrowing of loanwords will become more frequent, the use of loanwords will be more extensive, and the fusion process of loanwords will be completed at a faster speed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H136.5;H33

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