本文選題：外來(lái)詞 + 漢德對(duì)比　； 參考：《上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：語(yǔ)言作為一個(gè)開(kāi)放的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)一直處在不斷地發(fā)展與變化中。當(dāng)今世界國(guó)際社會(huì)間各方面交流日益擴(kuò)大,在語(yǔ)言當(dāng)中的一個(gè)突出反應(yīng)是外來(lái)詞數(shù)量的顯著增加。作為詞匯系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,外來(lái)詞的研究一直受到各學(xué)者的關(guān)注,從各個(gè)層面對(duì)其進(jìn)行了深入研究并取得了豐富的成果,但同時(shí)也還存在著不少分歧。本文以現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)及現(xiàn)代德語(yǔ)的外來(lái)詞作為研究對(duì)象,選取《漢語(yǔ)外來(lái)語(yǔ)詞典》、《現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞典》(第5版)和《Duden:Das Fremdworterbuch》(9. Auflage)中收錄的外來(lái)詞,在歸納前人對(duì)漢德外來(lái)語(yǔ)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)漢德外來(lái)詞的對(duì)比分析來(lái)揭示兩種語(yǔ)言的異同之處,進(jìn)一步觀察漢德語(yǔ)言的基本特點(diǎn)。 漢德語(yǔ)言都是從音、形、義三方面引入外來(lái)詞,與德語(yǔ)中的借音詞有所不同,漢字自身的表義性在外來(lái)詞引入過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生積極或消極的影響,因此人們一方面有意識(shí)地選擇某些特定的漢字以引起或避免望文生義,另一方面新創(chuàng)一些漢字而使字形意化。外來(lái)詞進(jìn)入本族語(yǔ)詞匯之后在語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)法方面都會(huì)受到本族語(yǔ)的影響,與本族語(yǔ)融合。外來(lái)詞在不同語(yǔ)言中的融合程度是不相同的�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō),在外來(lái)詞對(duì)漢德語(yǔ)言的影響方面,德語(yǔ)受外來(lái)詞的影響更深。同時(shí)外來(lái)詞在與本族語(yǔ)融合的同時(shí)也會(huì)對(duì)本族語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生某些影響。在這方面,外來(lái)詞對(duì)漢語(yǔ)的影響相對(duì)較輕,而對(duì)德語(yǔ)的影響更大,這種情況是由本族語(yǔ)與外來(lái)詞語(yǔ)源在語(yǔ)言類型上的差別引起的,同時(shí)也與外來(lái)詞在漢德詞匯中所占比重關(guān)系密切。 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,各國(guó)家民族之間的接觸不斷深化,外來(lái)詞的借入也會(huì)變得愈加頻繁,使用領(lǐng)域?qū)⒂訌V泛,同時(shí)外來(lái)詞的融合過(guò)程也會(huì)以更快的速度完成。
[Abstract]:As an open dynamic system, language is constantly developing and changing. Nowadays, the communication between the international community in the world is expanding day by day, and a prominent response in language is the significant increase in the number of loanwords. As an important part of the lexical system, the study of loanwords has been paid much attention by scholars. Taking the loanwords of modern Chinese and modern German as the research object, this paper chooses the Chinese loan Dictionary, the Modern Chinese Dictionary (5th Edition) and the < Duden:Das Fremdworterbuch > 9. On the basis of summarizing the previous researches on the Chinese and German loanwords, this paper reveals the similarities and differences between the two languages through the contrastive analysis of the Chinese and German loanwords, and further observes the basic characteristics of the Chinese and German languages. The Chinese and German languages all introduce loanwords from the aspects of sound, form and meaning, which are different from the borrowed words in German. The expressive meanings of Chinese characters have a positive or negative effect in the process of introducing loanwords. Therefore, on the one hand, people consciously choose certain Chinese characters to cause or avoid the meaning, on the other hand, they create some new characters to make the character meaning. After entering the native vocabulary, the loanwords will be influenced by the native language in phonological, semantic and grammatical aspects. The degree of fusion of loanwords in different languages is different. In general, the influence of loanwords on the Chinese and German languages is more profound. At the same time, the loanwords have some influence on the native language when they merge with the native language. In this respect, the influence of loanwords on Chinese is relatively light, and that on German is greater. This situation is caused by the differences in language types between native and loanwords. At the same time, it is closely related to the proportion of loanwords in Hande vocabulary. With the development of economy, the contact between nations and nations is deepening, the borrowing of loanwords will become more frequent, the use of loanwords will be more extensive, and the fusion process of loanwords will be completed at a faster speed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H136.5;H33

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